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HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS. Summary of Questions. What is HIV?. Human immunodeficiency virus (remember, no official scientific name for viruses) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Retrovirus (RNA virus) of the Lenti Virus Family (meaning slow growing)

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HIV/AIDS

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  1. HIV/AIDS Summary of Questions

  2. What is HIV? • Human immunodeficiency virus (remember, no official scientific name for viruses) • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Retrovirus (RNA virus) of the Lenti Virus Family (meaning slow growing) • Similar organisms infect some monkeys (SIV) and cats (FIV) and others.

  3. Global Prevalence (WHO) • 39.5 million people were living with HIV in 2006 in which 4.3 million were new infections. • 2/3 of all people with HIV live in Sub-Saharan Africa. • Adult women infected with HIV continue to increase in every country in the world.

  4. U.S. Prevalence • As of 2005, a little over 1 million cases with about 40,000 new cases reported each year. • Men having sex with men have the highest proportion rate of HIV in the US, followed by men or women with heterosexual contact. • Males = 74%, females 26%. • Whites = 31%, black 49%, other races/ethnic groups = 20%. However, blacks only make up 13% of the U.S. population.

  5. How accurate are these numbers • It has come under scrutiny lately that accurate HIV infected numbers aren’t really attainable. Why and what do they mean?

  6. Poor vs. Rich Countries • Yet again, rich countries can deal better with these kind of health problems. HIV is a reportable condition in U.S. and to be HIV positive means having actual HIV antibody or virus screening tests. • Poor countries “diagnose” HIV/AIDS without testing. Since many diseases can mimic early stages of HIV, these may not be accurate tests. What other issues can you predict from lack of testing?

  7. Back to the U.S. • The Tuskegee Syphilus Study- What was it and why is this now linked to HIV in the black community? • African-American males diagnosed with syphilus went untreated and were lied to about the status of their infections. They were offered free health care for their cooperation, yet were never completely informed about the study. • Rumors have circulated in the African-American community that the government intentionally gave them HIV and would not take care of them. • Mistrust is keeping this population from getting the proper education and care.

  8. What Can Be Done About the Mistrust • Are there ways of educating a distrustful population? • Tell me. • Most believed that getting leaders of these communities involved would help. • Also it was suggested that health care workers and/or public health officials actually work AND live in the areas they are trying to help in order to be part of the community.

  9. Class Ideas- Biggest Hurdles controlling HIV Transmission • Most believe it is lack of money in poor nations and that often money earmarked to help these countries often fall into the wrong hands. • Rumors and misinformation are also big hurdles to overcome when trying to educate populations about prevention and treatment. • People can transmit before they know they are infected. Hard to control if you don’t know you are infected.

  10. AIDS is a Disease of Poverty • True or False? Why? • Some say false, because everyone is susceptible to the disease. • Some say true because the poor receive less health care and succumb to the disease faster. • Truth is there is a correlation between risk of HIV and poverty level. Why?????

  11. HIV and Circumcision • Circumcision may help in lowering transmission rates. Is it enough to “push” this for everyone? • Not sure if populations receiving circumcision’s have better access to prevention or if circumcision itself helps lower rate of transmission. • Would promote unsafe sex to give adult males circumcisions or would it provide some safety?

  12. What Can We Do To Help? • Most believe we can give money. Money needs to provide for research, education as well as relief.

  13. Status of the HIV Vaccine • Not so good. There are HIV vaccine trials, though the vaccine that had made it to the highest level for FDA approval was recently pulled. • High mutation rates within individuals and populations make this a hard organism to work with.

  14. New Pathogens • Read the text box on Page 388 and be able to talk about “emerging” pathogens.

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