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History of the Universe

History of the Universe. Inflation, the Problem Solver. A. Horizon Why is the CMB radiation so isotropic? Flat Universe Why is the density of the Universe so close to critical? Structure Where does structure come from? GUTs suggest that Universe did undergo inflation.

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History of the Universe

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  1. History of the Universe

  2. Inflation, the Problem Solver A. Horizon Why is the CMB radiation so isotropic? Flat UniverseWhy is the density of the Universe so close to critical? Structure Where does structure come from? GUTs suggest that Universe did undergo inflation

  3. Inflation, the Problem Solver Milky Way Solar System phase transition strong nuclear force separates extreme pressure overwhelms gravity Electroweak

  4. Inflation Solves Horizon Problem A. Horizonwhy is the CMB radiation so isotropic? observe … temp is 2.725 K with variation of 1 part in 100,000 in BB … two points in opposite directions could look different  Universe tiny in past

  5. Inflation Solves Horizon Problem smaller than proton cannot observe A+B can observe A+B

  6. Inflation Solves Flatness Problem B. Flatness why is the density of Universe so close to critical? observe … matter density is 27% critical in BB … no reason why density close to critical  Universe HAS to look flat if you inflate fast

  7. Flatness Problem Solved

  8. Inflation Solves Structure Problem C. Structure where does structure come from? observe … CMB not completely uniform observe … galaxies/clusters exist in BB … quantum ripples in early Universe much too small  inflation superstretches ripples into macro sizes

  9. Quantum Fluctuations Expand

  10. Clusters on Sky

  11. Hubble’s Law

  12. Redshift Map

  13. Redshift Map

  14. Redshift Map

  15. Structure Simulated REQUIRES DARK MATTER 1.0 Byr 3.5 Byr 13.7 Byr

  16. Dark Matter: Rotation Curves

  17. Dark Matter: Holding Gas

  18. Dark Matter: Cluster Motions Virial Theorem: for stable, self-gravitating, spherical distribution of equal mass objects: KE = –1/2 PE KE per galaxy = 1/2 mgv2 KE of N galaxies = 1/2 Nmgv2 = 1/2 Mcv2 PE per galaxy = –1/2 Gmgmg/R PE of N galaxies = –1/2 GNmgNmg/R = –1/2 GMc2/R Assume random orbits (no preferred rotation): 1/2 Mcv2 = 1/4 GMc2/R Mc = 2 v2R/G yields “Virial Mass” (with lots of galaxies, can see how VM changes with radius)

  19. Dark Matter: Quad Quasar

  20. Dark Matter: Gravitational Lenses

  21. Dark Matter: Yields Structure

  22. Dark Matter: 3D Map HST/ACS images of 8X full moon ground-based opt/ir/rad + space-based XMM-Newton measure shapes of half million galaxies to reveal “weak lensing” conclude: dark matter clumps over time

  23. ? Future Universe

  24. ………………………………

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