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ANCIENT GREECE

ANCIENT GREECE. ESSENTIAL QUESTION : In what ways did geography and climate shape Greek life?. ANCIENT GREECE. UNIT 2 – Early Civilizations PRE TEST : 1. Among the greatest gifts to western culture from ancient Greece were: Latin, republican governments, and art

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ANCIENT GREECE

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  1. ANCIENT GREECE • ESSENTIAL QUESTION: • In what ways did geography and climate shape Greek life?

  2. ANCIENT GREECE UNIT 2 – Early Civilizations • PRE TEST: 1. Among the greatest gifts to western culture from ancient Greece were: • Latin, republican governments, and art • Democracy, philosophy, and engineering • Hieroglyphics, pyramids, and mummification • Arena sports, Christianity, and republican government

  3. ANCIENT GREECE 2. In order to vote in Athens and Rome, a person had to be: born of citizen parents, 18 years of age, and; • In the military • Married • A high school graduate • A male

  4. ANCIENT GREECE Greece was not a united country. Itwas a collection of separate lands where Greek speaking people lived.

  5. Geography • The Sea • The Land

  6. Ancient Greece 750 B.C.

  7. City- States • A city-state or a polis is a city and its surrounding countryside. • An acropolis – a high city, a meeting place on top of a hill

  8. Acropolis – a city on a hill

  9. City-States • Geography plays a huge role in the formation of city-states • Mountains divided the lands into many different regions (naturally separated) • Growth of city-states with many different forms of government- monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy

  10. Forms of Government • Please open your textbooks to 128 and define the following forms of government in your notes: • Monarchy • Aristocracy • Oligarchy • Direct Democracy

  11. City-States • Two examples of how different city-states were are: • Athens • Sparta

  12. Athens • Democracy- After many reforms (changes) Athenians moved towards a rule by the people considered a limited democracy • Participation based on citizenship.

  13. When the people rule… • New rules started emerging… • No citizen shall own another citizen (slavery) • Any citizen could charge another citizen with wrongdoings • All citizens could submit laws for debate • Only citizens could vote.

  14. What is a citizen? • In Athens, a citizen had to be • Free • Male • Own property • Born in Athens • So, women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from citizenship and had few rights.

  15. Discussion Question… • How is Athenian Government different from modern American Democracy?? VS. Answer: • In Athens: participation in politics is limited to adult male property owners. • In the U.S. it is open to all . In the U.S. elected representatives, not citizens, govern.

  16. Education in Athens (boys) • Sons of wealthy families received formal education • Schooling prepared boys to be good citizens • Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, and music • Received training in logic and public speaking • (to be good debaters in politics) • When boys got older they went to military school to prepare them to defend Athens

  17. Education in Athens (girls) • Girls were educated at home • Learned about child-rearing, weaving, preparing meals, managing the household, and how to be good wives and mothers • Few women were able to read and write

  18. Athens and Pericles461-429 B.C. • Pericles is a statesman that led Athens • He was a politician, speaker, and general

  19. Pericles’ Three Goals 1. Strengthen democracy • Increased number of public officials to include rich or poor, to serve if elected • This made Athens one of the most democratic governments in history • Direct democracy: citizens rule directly instead of through representative

  20. Pericles’ Three Goals 2. Hold and strengthen empire • Strengthen army 3. Glorify Athens • Beautify city: art, architecture

  21. SPARTA • Military State (unlike Athens, which had a • Democracy • Spartans were warriors, raised to protect themselves and their country

  22. Spartan Government • Government divided into branches • Assembly • Spartan citizens (males) and elected officials • Council of Elders • 30 older citizens- proposed laws 3. Five elected officials- carried out laws 4. Two kings - ruled over the military • Combination of monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy

  23. Spartan Citizens • Social Order of Citizenship: • 1st- people who are related to original inhabitants • Ruling families who owned land • 2nd- non citizens • Were free, worked in commerce and industry • 3rd- Helots – a littler better than slaves • Worked in fields, as house servants

  24. Spartan Education - boys • Goal- to create a strong warrior • Children are beaten and whipped to make them tough • They were not allowed to cry out in pain • Given very little food • Encouraged to steal food

  25. Spartan Education • Some grew up to be warriors • Others became secret police. • They would spy on people like slaves • As adults, men did not live with their families • They lived with other soldiers

  26. Sparta Education- girls • Spartan women had more freedom than any other Greek city state • Educated to be fighters • Some became warriors

  27. Spartans only focused on the military • So they did not value art or literature • Life purpose was to serve the military • “Come back with your shield or on it.”

  28. Greek Culture And Art

  29. ART • Greek art – sculptures, architecture, and pottery • Drama & Poetry– invented drama • Expression of Pride • Tribute to the Gods

  30. Architecture & Sculpture • Sculptures reflect ideal beauty and reality

  31. Venus de Milo Discobolos – The Disc Thrower Winged-Victory – Goddess of Nike

  32. Philosophy- “Lovers of Wisdom” • Believe that the universe is put together in an orderly way • People can understand this through logic and reason

  33. Socrates • The Unexamined Life is Not Worth Living • “Question yourself and your moral character” • “What is the right thing to do?” • Questions people about life • “Be as you wish to seem.” • “It is not living that matters, but living rightly.”

  34. Platostudent of Socrates • In a perfect society all citizens would either be • Farmers and artisans • Warriors • Ruling class • Those who rule should have great insight and intellect

  35. Plato • “If a man neglects education, he walks lame to the end of his life.” • “Only the dead have seen the end of the war.” • “Opinion is the medium between knowledge and ignorance”

  36. Aristotlestudent of Plato • Began the use of the scientific method we use today • Questioned nature of the world, human belief, thought • “All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance, nature, compulsions, habit, reason, passion, desire.” • “Good habits formed at youth make all the difference.”

  37. Science and Technology • Astronomy • Studied the planets and stars • Circumference of the earth • Size of the sun • Hypothesis about the earth being the center of the universe • New Technology included lever, pulleys and pumps

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