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Number of One-way Permit Holders 1983 - 2008

Public Policy Research Forum Informing Policy: Realizing the Potential and Benefits of Public Policy Research in Hong Kong (B) Equality and Opportunity Roads to Success in Hong Kong among New Arrivals from the Chinese Mainland K.K. Leung Department of Applied Social Studies.

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Number of One-way Permit Holders 1983 - 2008

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  1. Public Policy Research ForumInforming Policy: Realizing the Potential and Benefits of Public Policy Research in Hong Kong(B) Equality and OpportunityRoads to Success in Hong Kong among New Arrivals from the Chinese MainlandK.K. LeungDepartment of Applied Social Studies

  2. Number of One-way Permit Holders 1983 - 2008 Im/migration Policy in Hong Kong 1974: “Touch Base” Policy 1980: Repatriated immediately after arrested 1983: 75 persons a day – One-way Permit Scheme 1993: 105 persons a day 1995: 150 persons a day 2003: Admission Scheme for Mainland Talents & Professionals and Capital Investment Entrant Scheme Source: Security Bureau & Home Affairs Department and Immigration Department, HKSAR Government

  3. Equal Opportunities & Social Discrimination Note: Of the One-way Permit daily quota of 150 since 1995, 60 (40%) for children born in the mainland of HK permanent residents with Certificate of Entitlement & 30 (20%) for mainland residents separated from their spouses in HK for 10 years or more * 26.5%, K.K. Leung, S.H. Ng, W.C. Chan, C.K. Cheung & S.F. Fung, ”Roads to Success in Hong Kong among New Arrivals from the Chinese Mainland”, CityU, 2007. Source: Census & Statistics Department, HKSAR Government

  4. Statistics on Difficulties and Service Needs of New Arrivals from the Mainland 2001 - 2009* * 1st quarter of 2009 Source: “Statistics on New Arrivals from the Mainland”, Home Affairs Department & Immigration Department, HKSAR Government

  5. Statistics on Main Difficulties Encountered by New Arrivals from the Mainland 2001 - 2009* * 1st quarter of 2009 Source: “Statistics on New Arrivals from the Mainland”, Home Affairs Department & Immigration Department, HKSAR Government

  6. Statistics on Mostly Needed Supporting Services of New Arrivals from the Mainland 2001 - 2009* * 1st quarter of 2009 Source: “Statistics on New Arrivals from the Mainland”, Home Affairs Department & Immigration Department, HKSAR Government

  7. Survey Research • “Roads to Success in Hong Kong among Recent Immigrants from the Chinese Mainland”, funded by RGC • Survey samples in 2005: 2,846 = 1,390 students + 1,091 younger adults + 365 older adults • Questionnaire: 82 questions covering 5 main areas: • profile: personal/social characteristics • capital: human, social, cultural, and financial • success: psychological adjustment, social integration, and achievement • social experience: social services received and discrimination experienced • migration policy support

  8. Framework • Personal/Social Characteristics • Sex • Age • Marital status • Religion • Partisanship • Place of origin • Arrival time • Success • Psychological adjustment • Social integration • Achievement • Capital • Human • Social • Cultural • Financial Support for the migration policy • Social experience • Social service reception • Social discrimination

  9. Standardized Regression Coefficients for PredictingNew Arrivals’ Attitudes and Behaviour

  10. Standardized Regression Coefficients for PredictingNew Arrivals’ Attitudes and Behaviour *: p < .05; **: p < .01; ***: p < .001

  11. Standardized Regression Coefficients for PredictingNew Arrivals’ Attitudes and Behaviour *: p < .05; **: p < .01; ***: p < .001

  12. Standardized Regression Coefficients for PredictingNew Arrivals’ Attitudes and Behaviour *: p < .05; **: p < .01; ***: p < .001

  13. Standardized Regression Coefficients for PredictingNew Arrivals’ Attitudes and Behaviour

  14. Access, Activation, Reproduction and Accumulation of Capital • Access cultural capital, financial capital, human capital and social capital accessed bynew arrivals at their arrival in Hong Kong • Activation making use of the access to trigger off the four forms of capital after their arrival in Hong Kong

  15. Reproduction recreating the four forms of capital after their activation • Accumulation capitalizing on the activation and reproduction of capital to engender success including psychological adjustment, social integration and achievement

  16. Model Capital Access Accumulation Activation Reproduction

  17. Informing Policy • For facilitating new arrivals’ success in Hong Kong, policy can ensure the following: 1. integrating new arrivals as earlier as possible once they arrive in Hong Kong; 2. promoting social capital and cultural capital of new arrivals in general; specifically:

  18. Informing Policy 2.1 helping new arrivals with less social capital and cultural capital at the time of arrival in HongKong; 2.2 enhancing new arrivals’ social capital and cultural capital after their arrival;

  19. Informing Policy 3. eliminating social discrimination against new arrivals in general; 4. offering equal opportunities to them in gaining access to various forms of capital; 5. sustaining a supportive context for new arrivals to gain access to, activate, reproduce, and accumulate their capital acquired before.

  20. Thank You

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