New World

1. New World Chapter 1

2. Shaping of North America • Supercontinent • Contained all dry land • Began to drift away • Rocky Mtn. = “Roof of the America” • Lake Bonneville • Utah, Nevada, and Idaho • Drained to the Pacific Ocean through Snake and Columbia Rivers • Great Lake Remained

4. Peopling the Americas • 35,000 yrs ago • Bering Strait • Eurasia = North America • Migratory herds • Nomadic Asian hunters

5. Cont. • 54 million people inhabited America’s • Split into tribes • 2,000 languages = diverse • Incas = Peru • Aztecs = Mexico • 20 million • Elaborate cities • Commerce

6. Earliest Americans • Agriculture • Size • Sophistication of culture • Corn = Staff of Life • Spread across America • Transformation • Pueblo • Rio Grande = Irrigation • Adobe • Terraced buildings

7. Cont. • Matrilineal cultures • Three-sister Farming • Beans, corn, squash • Endowed nature

8. Indirect Discoveries • Scandinavia – 1000 B.C. • New Foundland • Crusaders • Exotic Goods • Silk, drugs, perfumes, spices, sugar • Less Expensive Route

9. Europeans • Caravel = ship • Sail more closely into the wind • Portuguese • Trading posts along African shoreline • Slaves / Gold • Slave Brokers • Sugar plantations • Shape the New World

11. Cont. • Spain takes over • Ferdinand / Isabella • Race for wealth • Portugal dominated Africa • Spain looked westward

12. Columbus • Renaissance = 14th century • Compass • Columbus = sailed for Spain • 3 ships • 6 weeks • Oct. 12, 1492 • Bahamas • Global economic system emerged • Europe, Africa, and New World

13. Worlds collide • Columbian exchange • New World • Exotic animals • Rattle snakes, iguanas • Plants • Corn, tomato, potato, tobacco • Most important gift • Changed economy • Old World • crops / animals / disease • Seedlings of sugar cane, dandelions, daisies • Horse

14. Conquistadores • 1500’s • Spanish Explorers • dominant power • Fanned out across Americas • Treaty of Tordesillas • Dividing Portugal and Spain

15. Explorers • Vasco Nunez Balboa • 1513 • Panama • Pacific Ocean • Ferdinand Magellan • 1519 • Tip of South America to Philippines • 1st to sail around the world

17. Explorers • Juan Ponce de Leon • 1513 and 1521 • Florida • Francisco Coronado • 1540 – 1542 • Arizona / New Mexico / Kansas • Grand Canyon / Rio Grande / Colorado River • Buffalo • Hernando de Soto • Gold seeking / 600 men • Mississippi

18. Explorers • Hernan Cortes • 1519 • Mexico • Interpreters - Malinche • Aztecs • Nochetriste – June 30, 1520 • Disease • Temples destroyed

19. Spanish America • 160,000 Spaniards subjugated millions of Indians • Printing Press • Cathedrals • English • John Cabot • 1497 • Northeaster Coast of North America

20. Cont. • Battle of Acoma – 1599 • Pueblo • Brutal to survivors • New Mexico • Capital = Sante Fe – 1609 • Christianity / Missionaries • Pope’s Rebellion – 1680 • Pueblo • Destroyed every Catholic Church • Killed priests and Spanish settlers

21. Cont. • 1716 • Settlements in Texas • San Antonio = Alamo • Black Legend • False concept about conquerors • Mestizo • Erected colossal empire • California to Florida to Tierra del Fuego