SPC 1315 / 1321

1. SPC 1315 / 1321 Dr. Tony DeMars

2. Planned Schedule • Today: Chaps 1-3, start 4-8 • Wednesday: Chaps. 4-8, impromptu • Outline & note card emailed by Wed. 10pm • Hard copy start of class Thursday, stapled • Thursday: Intro Speech • Motivational topic • Informative & Persuasive Speech topics • Interview Project

3. Planned Schedule • Interview Project • Select a job ad • Create or fine tune a résumé • Email rough draft by Fri (rtv309@yahoo.com) • Schedule an information gathering visit and otherwise gather research • In email -- short report about the visit • Schedule an interview

4. Remember… • Learning to speak? • Realizing you were saying something wrong? • Feeling unsure of your communication in a group or one-on-one? • Thinking about how well you conveyed a message? • Not remembering someone’s name?

5. Getting started • Four parts of a proper speech: • Research & development -- your own work • Submission of rough draft then final materials • Creation of presentation aids • Practice sessions and evaluation • Presentation of speech

6. ‘Giving a Speech’ • Research – not just Internet, citing sources, learning and sharing information • Outlines and notes --- first drafts, final drafts, note card • Speech organization • Delivery • gestures, movement, eye contact, speech patterns, appearance • Evaluating the audience • PowerPoint? This use, vs. a speech

7. Questions?

8. Prep steps • Rough draft / final draft materials • Research and full sentence outlines • APA style for citing sources • Final draft outline required for speech

9. Getting Started • Fear of Public Speaking • Rather have a root canal • Feared more than death • But, really? • Benefit of good communication skills • Ability to be more involved in groups • Better chances in getting a job • Better ability to organize and present ideas • How to improve? • Understanding and practice

10. Some things related to Chap. 1 • Course outline has sample questions related to a broader area of each chapter than we cover in class • http://www.tonydemars.com • http://faculty.tamuc.edu/ tdemars • In each case, click on SPC Class, then also see links on course outline

11. Communication Process • Similar to p. 11 • Sender / encoding (meaning) / channel / noise / decoding / feedback

12. Public Speaking • ‘Giving a Speech’ • Occasions: Business presentation, graduation speaker, after-dinner, eulogy • (‘impromptu’ for tomorrow) • ‘Capital S’ Speech: podium, stage, large audience • Note: podium vs. lectern • Note: accent vs. dialect • Public Speaking: ‘an event when a group of people agree that one person, the speaker, will direct the event.’

13. Scholarly interpretation • Scholars of preliterate societies remind us that speech is the most fundamental tool of social organization.  • Walter Ongspecial feature of oral cultures: when the spoken word was the only form of preserving culture, speech had to be memorable. • Marshall MacLuhan and other media scholars coined the term ‘secondary orality’ to describe the rekindling of a preference for intense, visceral, immediate kinds of communication.

14. Aristotle • Three genres of speaking • Forensic (like a courtroom) • Deliberative (legislature) • Epideictic / ceremonial (praise / blame) • Three categories of persuasive appeals • Logos -- most fundamental: logic and intellectual substance • Pathos -- motivational appeals • Ethos -- credibility of the speaker • Aristotle said a speaker’s character is the most important means of persuasion he possesses.

15. Public Speaking is Meaning Centered • Many other factors and intellectual evaluations, but ultimately... • Meaning Centered • Meaning is social • Meaning is contextual • Meaning is negotiated in discouse (hegemony) • Johari Window / similar to book’s four ‘stages of learning skills’

16. Three Communication Resources • Draw on your conversation skills • Relaxed, spontaneous, responsive to the situation, expression of feelings, compassion to others • Draw on your writing skills • Brainstorming, tinkering with ideas, attention to word choices and organization • Draw on your performance skills • Timing, emotional build-up, eye contact

17. Common Misconceptions • Good speakers are born, not made • Good speaking should be easy right away • Speaking will always be as difficult as it is when you’re first learning it • There are simple formulas for public speaking • Public speaking is mostly about performance

18. Public Speaking • Five Steps: • Plan, Investigate, Compose, Practice, Present • Most time? Investigate / compose / practice • Speech nervousness? Incomplete preparation • Types of delivery: Impromptu, Memorized, Extemporaneous • We are doing extemporaneous (that uses a full sentence outline and note card) • Types of content: lectures, informative speeches, persuasive speeches, ceremonial speeches, motivational speeches... • Our main speeches: Informative and Persuasive

19. Chap. 2 -- Listening

20. Communication Model • Sender / channel / noise / receiver / feedback • We spend much more time listening than speaking • Doing it a lot does not equate to doing it well • Training ourselves to be good listeners

21. Preparing to Listen • Remove distractions (physical / mental) • Stop Talking • Decide on your purpose as a listener • Be both curious and critical • Show respect for the speaker • Be open to the speaker’s point of view

22. Improving Listening • Follow the structure of the speech • Speaker should have a good structure • Assess speaker’s claims, ask questions at designated time • Provide constructive feedback • Start with the positive • Make important comments first • Be descriptive • Offer suggestions, not orders

23. Improving Listening • Listen to optimize learning • Paraphrase • Ask follow-up questions • TAKE NOTES! • Listen holistically • Listen at multiple levels • Listen between the lines • Listen to silences

24. Listening pitfalls • Daydreaming, doodling (surfing) • Superficial qualities of speaker as distraction • Uncritically accepting a message • Prematurely or totally rejecting a message • Planning your response or rebuttal instead of listening • Dominating the feedback time, or withdrawn from the process

25. Speech critiques • Guide you toward following these listening issues • Part of your grade • Require relevant comments • NOTICE -- the links for your speech evaluation page and the speech critique pages are NOT the same

26. Questions / Discussion • Why is listening important to public speaking? • What advice would you give a friend required to give feedback to coworkers? • What listening pitfalls do you find most challenging? • Does ‘multitasking’ interfere with the communication process?

27. Chap. 3 -- Ethics • Two categories of ethical theories: • Deontological: duty based • Teleological: consequence-based • Deontological: Judeo-Christian (the right) • Teleological: Utilitarian (the good) • Every action has an ethical dimension. • Ethical decisions are rarely clear-cut. • Ethical decisions vary with context.

28. Ethics in speaking • Never plagiarize • Never fabricate / lie • Videotaped / checked with turnitin.com • Sources checked • Don’t oversimplify • Don’t use propaganda • Name-calling, glittering generalities, testimonials, ‘just plain folks,’ card stacking, bandwagon, trasference • Be sensitive to your audience • Content and ideas

29. Legal issues vs. ethics • Libelous comments • Privacy laws • Encitement • Hate Speech • First Amendment protections • Law allows much more than ethics, in the U.S.

30. Speech samples as time permits • Motivational or persuasive? • Ethics? Propaganda? • Informative --or persuasive? Cloning • Evidence? Transitions? Delivery? “God intended”? Dinosaurs and Terrorists? Citations? • Persuasive ? -- or motivational? Correction of errors? Clear overview? Enough evidence? (answers.com as a source?) His verbal ‘filling in of silence? His attention getting technique? His ‘are you ready’? Pounding the lectern a problem? • Bad Informative Speech

31. Reminders • Course Outline and Syllabus on web site • Grades on Engrade -- estimates of average • E-mail: only Tony.DeMars@tamu-c • Speech content ONLY to rtv309@yahoo.com (except ... Visual PP) • Tests not returned -- come see • Speech preparations and practice • Reading vs. class notes: • Next -- overcoming fear, speech planning

32. Questions?