Fire Safety

1. Fire Safety

2. Course Objectives Upon completion of this unit, you will be able to: • Remember the acronym RACE to use in case of a fire. • Remember the acronym PASS when using a fire extinguisher. • Differentiate between the different classes of fire.

3. Course Objectives, cont. • Understand when and how to activate the services of the fire department. • Keep areas in the home and workplace free of hazards. • Locate fire alarms and exits in non-familiar locations. • Evacuate homes and buildings safely.

4. Module One Motivation to Teach Fire Safety

5. As you learn about fire safety, teach what you learn to others--particularly young children!

6. Fire in the United States • How many fire related deaths do you think we have in the U.S. annually? • Which nation do you think is the highest in fire deaths and incidents among the industrialized nations of the world?

7. Fire in the United States • 4,000 - 6,000 fire related deaths annually • U.S. is still the highest in fire deaths and incidents among the industrialized nations of the world

8. What do you think is the leading cause of fires in Georgia? • What do you think is the leading cause fire deaths in the Southeast and Georgia?

9. # 1 Cause of Fire in Georgia • Kitchen Fires—leading cause of fires • Alternative heating is the primary cause of fire deaths in the Southeast and Georgia

10. 80% of fire deaths occur in homes without operational fire detectors. Do you have at least one detector on every level of your home? Assignment tonight: check it out!

11. Check the batteries in your smoke detectors twice a year. Suggestion: when you change the clocks in the spring and fall, change your batteries!

12. Module Two Fire Chemistry

13. Oxygen Heat Fuel Fire Triangle

14. Classes of Fires • A: ordinary combustibles such as paper, wood, plastics, cloth • B: flammable liquids, greases, and gases • C: energized electrical equipment • D: metals such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, etc.

15. Mechanical Solar Electrical Chemical Sources of Heat Energy

16. Methods of Heat Transfer • Conduction: heat is transferred directly from one object to another • Convection: movement of a liquid or gas transfers the heat • Radiation: a form of heat travelling across a space or through materials as electromagnetic waves

17. Module Three Safety Features

18. Smoke Detectors and Alarms • Offer the earliest warning of fire • A working smoke alarm doubles a person’s chance of surviving and escaping a fire

19. Smoke Detectors and Alarms • Test smoke alarms monthly (push the little button and you should hear a chirp—check it out tonight!) • And did I mention? Change the batteries twice a year, when the clock changes for daylight savings!

20. Carbon Monoxide Detectors • Alert occupants to dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. • They do not detect smoke and so should not be used instead of smoke detectors. • Does your home have both?

21. Sprinkler Systems • Activated by heat and contain fire where sprinkler heads are located. • Must still evacuate building if smoke alarm alerts, even if sprinkler system does not activate—fire could be in walls, ceiling, or attic.

22. Fire Extinguishers • Place them in a readily accessible location. • Don’t store them next to the stove….duh!

23. Fire Extinguishers: PASS • PULL the locking pin from the handle • AIM the nozzle at the base of the flames • SQUEEZE the handle • SWEEP the extinguisher from side to side

24. Module Four Building Evacuation

25. RACE • Rescue anyone in immediate danger. • Activate the alarm. • Confine the fire (Close windows and doors if safe to do so. Shut off electrical equipment and oxygen if your safety is not endangered). • Extinguish the fire if the fire is small and contained.

26. Your safety comes FIRST! • Do NOT risk your life to put out a fire. That’s what the FIRE DEPARTMENT is for! • Evacuate if you are even a little bit uncertain! • Stuff can be replaced. You can’t.

27. Fire Escape Plan • Must have a clear, unobstructed means of exiting the building to a safe meeting place outside the facility. • Assist those who need help to exit the building.

28. Fire Escape Plan • Need to have two ways out in case one is blocked by fire or structural damage. • If exiting into a fenced area, there must be a means of exit from the fence.

29. Home Escape Plan • Know two ways out of every room. • Sleep with bedroom doors closed. • Have smoke alarms and fire escape ladders. • Set a meeting place away for all family members to gather.

30. What are your exits? • Picture the room where you sleep. • Where are your two exits? • Could you get out in the pitch black? • Remember, you can’t see in a fire!

31. Family Meeting Place • Your family should have a “meeting place” outside, away from the house to meet in case of evacuation. • A good place might be the mailbox or a neighbor’s front porch--assuming you know the neighbor!  • WHY???

32. Family Meeting Place • Having a family meeting place lets everyone know that the whole family has made it outside safely. • Otherwise, someone might go back in looking for a family member who is already safely in the back yard! • A meeting place saves lives!

33. Family Meeting Place • Remember to tell family overnight guests where the meeting place is. • Arrange a meeting place when you’re away on vacation, as well.

34. Family/Home Evacuation Drills • Vary the time of the drills. • Hold announced and unannounced drills. • When you stay in a hotel, locate the fire alarms and exits when you check into your room. Count the number of doors between your hotel room door and the stairwell door.

35. Fun Fact! • When staying a hotel, you might want to request a room below the ninth floor…. • Why???? The aerial ladder on the fire truck won’t reach above the ninth floor!

36. During what time of day do you think most fatal fires occur, and why? Most fatal fires occur between 8 pm - 8 am. This is when people are sleeping.

37. When in a situation with many people, ONE person should be designated as the liaison to communicate with emergency responders on the scene. This will help reduce conflicting information.

38. Building Evacuation Now it’s time to practice!

39. Module Five Burn Prevention and Treatment

40. Burns • Burns are the most traumatic injury the body can sustain. • Infection and shock are the two major concerns with burn injuries.

41. Burns • 12,000 people die each year in the U.S. from burn injuries. • 1,100 are children. • What do you think are the #1 cause of burns to children?

42. Burns • Scalds are the #1 cause of burns to children. • Put pots on the back burner and turn handles inward. • Don’t let children reach hot liquids or be in bathroom unattended!

43. Types of Burns • Thermal: hot liquid or surface touches skin. Ex: scalds. • Chemical: a chemical substance touches skin. Ex: acid or bleach. • Electrical: electricity comes in contact with skin.

44. Preventing Burns • Keep electrical cords out of reach and outlets covered. • Keep matches and lighters away from children and teach them that these are tools for adults only.

45. Call 911 immediately if the burn: • is due to chemicals or electricity. • covers a significant area of the body. • is to the face.

46. Treating 1st and 2nd Degree Burns First Degree Second Degree Third Degree

47. Treating 3° burns: • Always call 911 for any 3° burn! • Cool with sterile water and cover with dry, sterile dressings. • Treat for shock by having the victim lie down with the feet elevated.

48. What NOT to do for burns: • Don’t use mayonnaise, butter, or ice! • Don’t put it in your mouth! • Never pop blisters--infection is a major concern! • Don’t use burn gel on 3° burns!

49. What NOT to do for burns: • Don’t remove clothing or jewelry that is stuck to the burned area! • Don’t touch the burn with anything other than a clean covering!

50. Module Six Youthful Fire Setting