第四章 英译汉常用的方法和技巧（上）（一）

1. LOGO 第四章 英译汉常用的方法和技巧（上）（一） Chen Siliang

2. 词义的选择、引伸和褒贬 1 词类转译法 2 增词法 3 英译汉常用的方法和技巧（上）

3. 第一节 词义的选择、引伸和褒贬

4. 1． 选词法 a. The actor knows his lines. "lines" 不作"线" 解释， 而作"台词" b. Mother is firm with her children. "严格"或"严厉"

5. c. Have you read any humor recently? 近来你读了什么幽默作品？ d. Every life has its roses and thrones. "甜和苦"

6. 2． 换词法 a..― The flower girl says: " Will you pay me for them"？　　 －　The boys answers: " Do nothing of the sort, mother." 卖花女孩问："你愿意付钱吗？" 　　男孩答到："亏她想的出"，或"她想的倒好"。

7. b. Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine. • 萨姆知道无论境况如何，他都可以将家庭作为靠山。 • （"rain or shine" 不能译作"下雨或天晴"）。

8. c. Soon got, soon gone. • 来得容易，去的快。（名言） • d. Easy come, easy go. • 易得也易失。

9. 3. 加词法 • a. －The son: How much did you suffer?"　 －The old man: " Plenty." 孩子：　"你吃了多少苦"？　　 老人："一言难尽"

10. b. －The mother: "I'll be there to cheer you."　　 -The son: "It's a promise." • 妈妈："我会到场为你祝贺"。　　 • 孩子："说话要算数"。或"一言为定"。

11. c. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. • 他一坐下，就滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 • d. I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion. • 我喜欢中国食品。现在很多人都喜欢。这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！

12. e. He has been pursued, day by day and year by year, by a most phenomenal astonishing luckiness. • 日复一日，年复一年，他一直是吉星高照，无与伦比。这真是令人惊叹。

13. 4. 减词法 • a. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. • 天未下雨， 但叶落草枯。

14. b. Poisons of opposing qualities are said, in ancient books of medicine, to have the power of counteracting each other. • 古代医书说，毒能攻毒。

15. c. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? • 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ • d. Keep your mouth shut and your ear open.　 • 多听少讲。

16. 5．分句法 • a. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. • 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 • b. Their power increased with their number. 　　 • 他们人数增加了，力量也随着增强。

17. 6． 合句法 • a. The time is 10:30 p.m. , and traffic on the street is light. • 十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆就少了。 • b. Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish. • 不管沉浮起伏，不管生死存亡。

18. c. There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the south. • 从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。 • d. He was very clear. His mind was open. • 他为人单纯而坦率。

19. 7． 反译法 • a. There was an electric button from which no mortal hand could coax a ring. • 只有神仙下凡才能使电铃声响起来。 • b. He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. • 他这人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。

20. c. This problem is above me. • 这问题我解决不了。 • d. We may safely say so. • 我们这样说错不了。 • e. Such a chance was denied me. • 我没有得到这样一个机会。

21. 8．深化法和浅化法 • a. Those who did not remember the past are condemned to relieve it. • 忘记过去的人就会重蹈覆辙。 • b. He who will not learn when he is young will regret when he is old. • 少时不学，老来后悔。（名言） • c. But there were overwhelmed at last.他们最后寡不敌众，败下阵来。　

22. d. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. • 一天一只大苹果，一定保你不上火。 • e. In marrying this girl, he married a bit more than he could chew. • 与这个女孩结婚，他有点吃不消。（浅化法）

23. 9. 倒译法 • I shall have it where I want her. • 我要它向东，它就不敢向西。

24. 第二节 词类转译法（一）

25. 名词 动词 介词 形容词 副词 连词 第二节 词类转译法 翻译

26. 一、名词与动词的互相转译 • And in a best - selling book ,Lester Thurowtold us that America would soon be going head tohead with a Germanled Europe in thestruggle forworld market s. • 莱斯特•瑟罗在他的一本畅销书中断言,美国不久将要与德国领导的欧洲势均力敌地争夺国际市场。

27. An increase in business requires an increase in the amount ofmoney coming into general circulation. • 交易增加,要求流通的货币量也增加。

28. 1)Liberalization of international economic system was widely perceived as a way to avoid recurrence of a similar calamity. • 人们广泛地认为,避免重遭类似灾难的一条途径是放宽国际经济体系。

29. 2) Resistance to market opening is basically apower play by leaders of indust ry. • 抵制开放市场基本上是工业领袖们的实力较量。

30. 二、介词与动词的互相转译 • (1)He is in the classroom。 • 他在教室里。 • (2) We should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements. • 建议你方与他们取得联系,洽购所需商品。

31. 三、形容词与动词的互相转译 • (1)And we would recommend subsidies ,consistent with GATT ,only for a demonst rably competitiveindust ry whose product s are used in a variety of manufactured goods. • 我们建议在进行补贴时,要符合关贸总协定的规定,并只限于明显有竞争力、其产品用于加工各种制成品的产业。

32. 四、实用英语翻译中需要注意的 • 1)专用词语 • in-tray 收文篮 out-tray 发文篮 • back log 积压物资 overheads 公司的日常开支 • unsocial hours “加班”的时间。 • flexible system “弹性工作制度” • core time 集中精力的工作时间（如：10:00-15:00） • living out of a suit case 经常出差在外。 • make five clerks redundant 裁员五名。 • health food 保健品。

33. 2）旧词新义 • literature—文学（旧） 文字宣传资料（新） • claim—要求，声言（旧） 索赔（新）。 • reference—参考资料（旧） 担保人，证明人（新）。

34. 3) 同词义、近义词、相似词的辨析 • cargo --车、船、飞机运载的货物，含义较窄； • goods --货物总称，泛指； • freight --水运货物，美国英语可指陆、水、空运货物； • commodity--正式，指商品.

35. 第三节 增词法

36. 一、增加原文中省略的部分 • Do you like sport? Yes, I do. • 你喜欢体育运动吗？是的，我喜欢体育运动。 • Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopedia? Both, please. • 给你带一本词典来还是带一本百科全书来？请把两样都带来。 • Are you tired? Not very. • 你累了吗？不太累。

37. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。 • 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。 • A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money. • 愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。

38. Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed. • 假设准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？ • Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. • 学生应该想老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。

39. 二、增加意义上或修辞上的需要上的部分 • He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. • 他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。 • He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. • 他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。

40. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. • 在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。

41. What a leader he was! • 他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。 • The crowds melted away. • 人群渐渐散开了。

42. To wash before meal . • 饭前洗手 • To wash after getting up. • 起床后洗脸 • To wash before going to bed. • 睡前洗脚

43. Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. • 他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 • He never drinks before driving. • 他开车前从不喝酒。

44. 形容词前增加名词 • This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. • 这部打字机真是价廉物美。 • A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. • 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。

45. 增加重迭词表示复数 • Flowers bloom all over the yard. • 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。 • Newsmen went flying off to Mexico. • 记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。

46. 增加表达时态的词 • Ｉhad known two great social systems. • 那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。 • The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. • 那位老人已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。

47. 谢谢大家

48. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

49. 一、属相 道教 24节气 筷子 瓷器 • 二、William Shakespeare • Francis Bacon’s “Of Study” • Gardens • Chinese writing brush • Beijing Opera

50. 四、1。HONG Kong kungfu star Jackie Chan will team up with director Stanley Tong.