CST Review Standard 3

1. CST Review Standard 3 • Plate Tectonics operating over geologic time has changed the patterns of land, sea, and mountains on Earth’s surface. • Know the features of the ocean floor (magnetic patterns of land, sea, and mountains on Earth’s surface. • Know the principal structures that form at the three different kinds of plate boundaries. • Know how to explain the properties of rocks based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they formed, including plate tectonic processes. • Know there are two kinds of volcanoes: one kind with violent eruptions producing steep slopes and the other kind with voluminous lava flows producing gentle slopes. • Know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction.

2. Which of the following provides evidence for plate tectonics? • Sea floor topography. • Ocean currents. • Coriolis effect. • Atmospheric temperatures.

3. The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are typically located near what feature? • A midocean ridge. • A continental shelf. • An abyssal plain. • A subduction trench.

4. A rift valley is evidence of which kind of plate boundary? • convergent • divergent • transform • uniform

5. The convergence (convergent) of two continental plates would produce • Island arcs. • Rift valleys. • Folded mountains. • trenches.

6. Which of the following is most responsible for the formation of new crust at the edge of a tectonic plate? • Mountain building at a continent-continent convergent boundary. • Magma rising up from the mantle at a divergent boundary. • Two tectonic plates sliding past one another at a transform boundary. • Subduction of one oceanic plate uner another at a convergent boundary.

7. It is generally true that igneous rocks • Contain primarily evaporites. • Can be scratched with a penny. • Normally contain fossils. • Are composed of silicate materials.

8. Cooling rates of igneous rocks can be estimated by comparing rocks’ • Crystal sizes. • composition. • density. • Chemical reactivity.

9. Which of the following would most likely produce a fragmental (broken up) sedimentary rock? • Magma fractured on the ocean floor. • Calcite crystallized from seawater. • Gravel deposited in a silt bed. • Limestone dissolved in cave formation.

10. Energy is transferred between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere by these three mechanisms. A: Conduction, convection, and radiation

11. Define reversed polarity. A magnetic field that points south.

12. Continents move because of ____ _____. As they move their _____changes. • Plate tectonics • Latitude

13. A change in latitude causes a change in the continent’s ______. • Climate.

14. One proof of plate tectonics is that different continents have the same ______. The tropical plant fossils are found in Antarctica because it was once near the _____. • Fossils • Equator

15. The ice age at the end of the Cretaceous period was caused by a large _____. The dust ____the sun which caused extremely ____temperatures and a mass ____of many living organisms. • Meteorite • Blocked • Cold • Extinction

16. Meteorite Impact Animation

17. Volcanic eruptions add ___________ ___________ and ___________ to the atmosphere. • Carbon dioxide • Water vapor

18. Carbon Dioxide & Water Vapor

19. Three carbon gasses in the atmosphere are: ______________, _________________ & ___________________. • Carbon dioxide • Methane • Chloroflurocarbons

20. Earth has two energy sources: ______________ and ___________________. External Internal

21. Earth’s internal energy source is from ___________ _________ and _________ _________. • Radioactive decay • Gravitational energy

22. Earth’s external energy source is ____________ ________________. • Solar Radiation

23. Earth’s internal energy source causes • Convection currents

24. Convection Currents in the Mantle

25. Plate tectonic is the theory that explains how large pieces of the ______________ moves. • Lithosphere

26. Plates move about _____________ per year. • 3-5 Centimeters a year.

27. Sea floor spreading can be found at the _____ _____in the Atlantic Ocean. This is also a ___boundary. • Mid Ocean Ridge • Divergent

28. Seafloor Spreading

29. Proof of sea-floor spreading inlcudes ____ patterns, a ______age of the sea floor, the ____features of the ocean floor. • Magnetic • Young • topographical

30. Magnetic patterns on the sea-floor show a pattern of ____________ _______________. Polarity Reversion

31. Magnetic Reversals Through Time

32. Young sea-floor rocks are ________the mid-ocean ridge and older rocks are _________. • Near • Far

33. Deep ocean trenches are found at ________________ boundaries where one plate is diving under another plate. This is also a ______ Convergent Subduction zone

34. Subduction at Convergent Boundary

35. Mountains form at convergent boundaries between ___________ and ___________ plates. Continental Continental

36. Continent with Continent Conversion

37. Volcanoes form at convergent boundaries when _______ crust is subducting beneath __________ or __________ crust. Ocean Continental Ocean

38. Subduction at Convergent Boundary

39. Transform boundaries have ___________ earthquakes. Subduction zones earthquakes are ____________. • Shallow • Deep

40. Transform boundary = Shallow Focus Earthquake

41. The largest fault system in North America is the _____________. This is a ____________ boundary. San Andreas Transform

42. San Andreas Fault = Transform Boundary

43. Earthquakes are a major hazard in CA because it sits on ______ ___________ __________. Several tectonic plates or three tectonic plates

44. The Pacific Plate and the North American plate in southern CA create a _____________ boundary. Earthquakes along the ______________ lines. These earthquakes are _________. • Transform • Fault • Shallow

45. Three major hazards in Southern CA can be: ____, ____, and ____. • Landslides • Wildfires • Earthquakes

46. The Juan de Fuca plate is ______________ under the North American Plate in northern ______. All total, CA sits on ___________ tectonic plates. Subducting California Three

47. California sits on North American, Pacific & Juan de Fuca Plates

48. Two major hazards in Northern CA can be: ____________ & ______________. Volcanoes Earthquakes

49. The Cascade mountain range at the Juan de Fuca plate is a _____________ mountain range. Volcanic

50. ______________ energy at plate boundaries is an alternative energy source for southern CA. Here __________ igneous rocks are _________ into the crust near the surface. • Geothermal • Molten • Intruding