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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. ALSO KNOWN AS GI SYSTEM: GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM. AGE RELATED CHANGES. 1. FLOW OF SALIVA DECREASES Difficulty chewing/swallowing (dysphagia). AGE RELATED CHANGES. 2. TASTE BUDS DECREASE -Appetite decreases. AGE RELATED CHANGES. 3. WEAKENED GAG REFLEX

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • ALSO KNOWN AS GI SYSTEM: GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

  2. AGE RELATED CHANGES • 1. FLOW OF SALIVA DECREASES • Difficulty chewing/swallowing (dysphagia)

  3. AGE RELATED CHANGES • 2. TASTE BUDS DECREASE -Appetite decreases

  4. AGE RELATED CHANGES • 3. WEAKENED GAG REFLEX • Risk of Choking

  5. AGE RELATED CHANGES • 4. REDUCED DIGESTIVE JUICES • Food more difficult to digest affecting absorption

  6. INTRODUCTION • DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD SO IT CAN BE TAKEN INTO THE BLOOD STREAM AND USED BY BODY CELLS AND TISSUES. • SYSTEM INCLUDES THE ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ACCESSORY ORGANS

  7. ALIMENTARY CANAL • LONG MUSCULAR TUBE BEGINS AT THE MOUTH AND INCLUDES THE PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINES, LARGE INTESTINES, RECTUM AND ANUS

  8. Alimentary Canal Structures of the GI System Mouth/Oral Cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus

  9. MOUTH OR ORAL CAVITY

  10. PHARYNX OR THROAT • TUBE THAT CARRIES BOTH AIR AND FOOD • CARRIES THE AIR TO THE TRACHEA OR WINDPIPE AND FOOD TO THE ESOPHAGUS

  11. ESOPHAGUS • MUSCULAR TUBE BEHIND THE TRACHEA • RELIES ON A RHYTHMIC, WAVELIKE INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT OF ITS MUSCLES, CALLED PERISTALSIS, TO MOVE THE FOOD IN A FORWARD DIRECTION

  12. STOMACH RECEIVES THE FOOD FROM THE ESOPHAGUS • HOLDS FOOD APPROXIMATELY 3-4 HOURS. FOOD TURNS NTO SEMI LIQUID CALLED CHYME

  13. SMALL INTESTINE • COILED SECTION OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL ABOUT TWENTY FEET LONG AND ONE INCH IN DIAMETER. ABSORPTION DONE BY VILLI • THREE SECTIONS • DUODENUM • JEJUNUM • ILEUM

  14. VILLI • FINGERLIKE PROJECTONS THAT LINE WALL OF SMALL INTESTINE • ALLOW FOOD TO BE ABSORBED OR TAKEN INTO BLOOD

  15. DUODENUM • FIRST NINE TO TEN INCHES

  16. JEJUNUM • ABOUT EIGHT FEET LONG • FORMS THE MIDDLE SECTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

  17. ILEUM • FINAL TWELVE FEET • CONNECTS WITH THE LARGE INTESTINE

  18. SMALL INTESTINE OVERVIEW Nutrients are ABSORBED from the small intestine into the blood stream by the VILLI

  19. LARGE INTESTINE • ABOUT FIVE FEET LONG AND ABOUT TWO INCHES IN DIAMETER

  20. FUNCTIONS • REABSORPTION OF WATER • TRANSPORTATION OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS OUT OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL

  21. SECTIONS OF LARGE INTESTINE (COLON) • 1. ASCENDING COLON • 2. TRANSVERSE COLON • 3. DECENDING COLON • 4. SIGMOID COLON

  22. RECTUM • FINAL SIX TO EIGHT INCHES of alimentary canal • STORAGE AREA FOR WASTES • ANUS: Evacuation of waste

  23. ACCESSORY ORGANS • INCLUDE THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS AND APPENDIX

  24. LIVER • LARGEST GLAND IN THE BODY • LOCATED UNDER THE DIAPHRAGM IN THE UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT OF THE ABDOMEN

  25. FUNCTIONS OF LIVER • SECRETES BILE • REMOVES TOXINS FROM BODY • PRODUCES CHOLESTEROL

  26. GALLBLADDER • SMALL MUSCULAR SAC • LOCATED UNDER THE LIVER • STORES BILE

  27. PANCREAS • FISH-SHAPED ORGAN LOCATED BEHIND THE STOMACH • PRODUCES PANCREATIC JUICES AND INSULIN

  28. DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  29. APPENDICITIS • ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE APPENDIX USUALLY DUE TO AN OBSTRUCTION AND INFECTION

  30. GALLBLADDER CONDITIONS CHOLECYSTITIS-INFLAMMATION OF THE GALLBLADDER CHOLELITHIASIS: GALLSTONES

  31. SYMPTOMS • FREQUENTLY OCCUR AFTER EATING FATTY FOODS • INDIGESTION, N&V • PAIN UNDER RIB…WHAT SIDE? • JAUNDICE

  32. TREATMENT LOW FAT DIET SURGERY LASER TO BREAK UP GALLSTONES

  33. CIRRHOSIS • CHRONIC DESTRUCTION OF LIVER CELLS ACCOMPANIED BY THE FORMATION Of SCAR TISSUE • CAUSES: ALCOHOLISM

  34. MALIGNANCY: CANCERS SYMPTOMS DEPEND ON LOCATION: obstruction Indigestion Vomiting Change in stools Blood in stools (old/new)

  35. TREATMENT FOR CANCERS SURGERY: COLOSTOMY- CREATION OF ARTIFICAL OPENING IN ABDOMINAL WALL AND BRINGING SECTION OF COLON TO IT FOR ELIMINATION OF STOOL ILEOSTOMY- CREATION OFARTIFICIAL OPENING AND BRINGING SECTION OF ILEUM THROUGH IT

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