Russia: From Empire to Federation

Slide 1:Russia: From Empire to Federation

Slide 2:Eighth Week

Exam results New writing assignment 40th anniversary of Cuban Missile Crisis

Slide 3:Vanya on 42nd Street

Characters: Vanya, Sonya, Yelena, Professor, Doctor, Waffles, Maid (Nanny), Moher Focus on relationships, feelings (hypochondria, envy, love) Tensions mounting: something will happen

Slide 4:Decembrist Revolt, 1825

Slide 5:Nicholas I (1825-55)

Decembrist Revolt Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationalism Censorship Polish rebellion 1830; Crimean War Persecution of artists

Slide 6:Golden Age of Russian Culture

First half of 19th century Literature, painting, music Sentimentalism, Romanticism Karamzin, Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Pavlova, Glinka, Briullov

Slide 7:Romanticism

feelings, emotions, individualism exotic, supernatural, dreams mixed genres, irony, narrative devices mystery, complex emotions poetry, later prose (novels and short stories)

Slide 8:Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837)

Variety of genres Narrative poems, lyric poems, short stories, novels (in prose and verse) Plays, poems, and stories basis for musical compositions Eugene Onegin, �Queen of Spades,� Boris Godunov Russia�s Shakespeare

Slide 9:Nikolai Gogol (1809-52)

Plays, short stories, novel Inspector General: Play Overcoat: Short Story Dead Souls: Novel Religious views Social views

Slide 10:The Overcoat

How is the �hero� presented? Sympathetically? Ironically? Sarcastically? How is the hero treated by others in the story? Does the supernatural play a role?

Slide 11:Mikhail Lermontov

Lyric Poetry, narrative poetry Hero of Our Times (Novel)

Slide 12:�Princess Mary�

How would you describe Pechorin? What happens in the story? How would you describe Pechorin�s relationship with Mary? Grushnitsky? Vera? What�s the point of this story? Does it try to tell you something about love?

Slide 13:Karolina Pavlova (1807-93)

Poetry and prose Novel: A Dual Life (1848)

Slide 14:What�s going on in your excerpt?

What is the �dual life� of the heroine? Is the author critical of anything here?

Slide 15:Criticism

social and artistic commentary Vissarion Belinsky (1811-48): Letter to Gogol

Slide 16:Last Day of Pompeii (1830-33)

Slide 17:Painting and Music in the Romantic Age

Briullov (1799-1852) Last Day of Pompeii Glinka Life for the Tsar (Ivan Susanin) Ruslan and Liudmila (based on Pushkin�s poem)

Slide 18:Alexander II (1855-81)

liberal Decembrists amnesty censorship, foreign travel, taxes, religious tolerance

Slide 19:Liberation of the Serfs 1861

first statements 1856 final statute 1861 aftermath: complications Tsar Liberator vs. Nicholas the Stick

Slide 20:Other reforms

Judiciary higher education military service corporal punishment zemstvo

Slide 21:Military ventures

Crimean War: defeat in 1855, Treaty of Paris Polish uprising, 1863 Russo-Turkish war, 1877

Slide 22:Foreign relations

Alaska; $7,200,000 1867 expansion into China

Slide 23:Political developments

1840s Westernizers: Belinsky, Chaadaev; later Herzen, Bakunin Slavophilism: Kireevsky, Khomiakov, Aksakov brothers Utopian societies

Slide 24:More Intellectual currents

utilitarianism positivism materialism Determinism

Slide 25:Nikolai Chernyshevsky 1828-89

What is to be Done? Relationship to Dostoevsky Critical tradition Critics of Catherine�s time Belinsky

Slide 26:Realism

Second half of 19th century Prose: novels, short stories, essays Individualism, supernatural, irrational, exotic: less important Topicality: news of the day, ideas of the day Critical edge: improve society (didacticism not obvious)

Slide 27:Ivan Turgenev 1818-83

Notes of a Hunter 1852 Fathers and Sons 1862 Bazarov Nihilism First Love: novella

Slide 28:Fedor Dostoevsky 1821-81

Slide 29:Life

studied engineering trouble with authorities: penal servitude, exile in Siberia in the 1850s return from exile: journalism, fiction

Slide 30:Views

anti-Westernizers anti-Chernyshevsky

Slide 31:Major Works

Notes from the Underground 1864 Crime and Punishment 1865-66 The Idiot 1868-69 The Possessed 1871-72 Brothers Karamazov 1880 Legend of the Grand Inquisitor

Slide 32:Major Ideas

Atheism: bad Reason, logic: bad Human beings: bad Suffering: good Freedom: good Orthodoxy: good

Slide 33:Influential

Philosophical thought: existentialism Psychology, criminal psychology Literature: world famous novels Theology: volumes of discussions of his ideas Passionate proponents and opponents

Slide 34:Leo Tolstoy 1828-1910

Wealthy, Yasnaya Polyana student at Kazan U, dropped out military experience: mountain tribes and Crimean War early literary successes: Childhood

Slide 35:Major Works

War and Peace 1860s Anna Karenina 1870s

Slide 36:War & Peace

genre serial publication Napoleon Central characters meaning of life

Slide 37:Anna Karenina

topicality adultery theme interpretations

Slide 38:Religious Crisis 1880

marriage in 1860s literary success obsessions: death and meaning of life simplicity and hard work; the peasant rejection of literary work: new views on art

Slide 39:Tolstoyism

Non-resistance to evil Pacifism Anarchism Vegetarianism, abstinence Sermon on the Mount World-wide fame Influential followers

Slide 40:Results

Problems with government Excommunication from Orthodox Church Problems with wife and family

Slide 41:Later literary works

Death of Ivan Ilyich Resurrection 1899 (novel)

Slide 42:Later non-literary work

Translation of the Gospels Genres: essays, short stories, plays, novel Master and Man and Alyosha the Pot Death in 1910: legacy

Slide 43:Alexander III 1881-1894

conservative Pobedonostsev Trans-Siberian railroad Industrial development Famine and disease in 1890s Succession of Nicholas II