Windows and Doors

1. Windows and Doors WEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN FUNDAMENTALS WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012

2. Learning Objectives WINDOWS & DOORS By attending this session, participants will be able to: • List correct window terminology. • State how windows lose and gain heat. • Explain the savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) for window and door replacement compared to other building shell retrofits. • Identify various methods and materials for window and door treatments. • Discuss recommended window and door replacement criteria. • Identify methods and techniques for replacing windows and doors.

3. History WINDOWS & DOORS • Window and door treatments were common before cost-effectiveness requirements. • Very popular with clients. • Met required material-to-labor cost ratios. • Before blower doors were common, couldn’t quantify envelope leakage. Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

4. State of the Practice WINDOWS & DOORS • Blower doors identify air-sealing opportunities. • Computerized energy audits list measures in order of SIR. Windows and doors rank low. • Window and door replacement is far less common.

5. Principles WINDOWS & DOORS Solar Heat Gain Through Double Pane Insulated Window Radiation to indoors Solar Energy Net solar transmission Reflected Heat absorbedby glass Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

6. Comparison of SHGC and U-Factor WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

7. NFRC Window Label WINDOWS & DOORS • The NFRC rates windows on: • U-factor. • Solar heat gain coefficient. • Visible Transmittance. • Air leakage. • Condensation resistance.

8. Heat Loss, Standard Window Assembly WINDOWS & DOORS • Radiation from indoors to outdoors • Conduction throughglass and spacers • Convection adjacent to interior and exterior glass surfaces Indoors Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

9. Heat Loss, Improved Window Assembly WINDOWS & DOORS • Low-e coating on outdoor side of inner pane • Improved spacer • Gas filled air space Improved spacer Low-e coating Gas filled air space Indoors Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

10. Window Terminology WINDOWS & DOORS Typical Wood Window Exterior Head Jamb Upper Sash Glass Plane Side Jamb Lower Sash Stop Trim Sill (sloped) Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

11. Window Types WINDOWS & DOORS Casement Awning Picture Double Hung Slider

12. Window Treatments WINDOWS & DOORS Where applicable: • Replace broken glass • Replace broken sash locks • Weatherstrip meeting rails and sliding surfaces • Install pulley seals • Caulk interior trim V-Channels Stop Upper Sash Lower Sash Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

13. Glass Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS • Remove broken pane. • Measure opening, and cut new pane from glass sheet. • Install, point, and glaze replacement pane. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

14. Guidelines for Window Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS • Window replacement is not cost-effective unless: • The existing window creates a hazard to health, safety, or building durability. • The existing window is damaged or weathered beyond repair and the replacement material and labor cost is less than the cost of repair. • Always attempt to repair or improve existing windows before considering replacement. • Window replacement should not be considered a measure to reduce air infiltration or as a health and safety measure. • Window selection should reflect the climate. • Choose high SHGC in cold climates and low SHGC in hot climates. • Look for low-e coatings on interior panes in cold climates and on exterior panes in hot climates.

15. In-Jamb Replacement Method (Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS • Remove existing frame, sash pulley weights etc. Tip: Score all painted joints with a sharp utility knife prior to removalof window trim. Use a thin bladed pry bar to prevent marring the trim. • Install a complete vinyl unit that fits inside the existing frame against the exterior window stops. • Seal perimeter with low expanding foam to ensure an air tight installation. • Reinstall existing interior trim and seal with caulk. • Always employ lead safe work practices when lead based paint will be disturbed.

16. In-jamb Replacement Method(Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

17. In-Jamb Replacement Method(Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

18. In-Jamb Replacement Method(Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

19. In-Jamb Replacement Method(Double Hung Window) WINDOWS & DOORS Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy

20. Windows and Doors 2. Wet surfaces prior to removal 1. Protect the floor 3. Clean as you go 4. Dispose of old windows properly Photos courtesy of US Department of Energy

21. Mobile Home Jalousie Windows WINDOWS & DOORS Always install factory replacement single-hung or “slider” units that include self-storing storm windows. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

22. Mobile Home Window Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS Measure rough openings and acquire the replacements before removing any windows from the home. Always insist on factory-replacement windows. Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

23. Other Allowable Window Treatments WINDOWS & DOORS • Interior storm windows • Moveable insulation systems • Education, encouraging clients to use: • Simple methods for high and low ventilation during warm periods • Draperies during cold periods Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

24. Doors WINDOWS & DOORS • Replacements are not cost effective because of their high cost and relatively low impact on energy savings. • Potentially significant air leakage and comfort issues are due to operational problems and poor seals. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

25. Door Terminology WINDOWS & DOORS Top Rail Hinge Panel Hinge Stile Stop Mullion Lock Stile Jamb Lock Rail Casing Threshold Bottom Rail Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

26. Door Repair and Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS Replace doors only when cost-effective as an envelope measure. • Reduce air leakage. • Ensure proper closure. Weatherization measures must have an SIR equal to or greater than 1. Sweep Threshold Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula

27. Notes on Door Replacement WINDOWS & DOORS • Replace the existing door with a solid core wood door blank.Use this method only if the existing rough opening is reasonably square and the frame is in good shape. • Consider a pre-hung energy efficient unit that will fit the rough opening.This is accomplished in much less time than retrofitting a door blank. • Manufacture doors on site for special situations such as open coal access areas adjacent to conditioned basements. • Must employ lead-safe work practices when lead-based paint will be disturbed.

28. Mobile Home Doors WINDOWS & DOORS • Use a factory replacement exterior pre-hung single door unit. • Door framing may have to be replaced or the floor repaired. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

29. Mobile Home DHWT Closets WINDOWS & DOORS • Replace deteriorated doors with factory replacements. • Specify louvered doors if the home has fossil-fueled appliances to ensure adequate combustion air. Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

30. Summary WINDOWS & DOORS • Window and door retrofits should be limited to minor repairs and weatherstripping. • Window and door replacements are generally not cost-effective and should only be considered as a last resort. • Consider the climate when selecting replacement windows. • Use lead-safe work practices when disturbinglead-based paint. • Follow manufacturer’s instructions for measuring, specifying, and installing windows.