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Genetics and GMOs: Understanding Gene Expression and Modified Organisms

Explore the world of genetics and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in this informative lesson. Learn about gene expression, transgenic organisms, GMO dangers, gene coiling, transcription factors, and more. Discover the impact of genetic makeup on traits and the principles of genetic recombination. Watch the video to delve deeper into the science of modified genomes and gene activation.

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Genetics and GMOs: Understanding Gene Expression and Modified Organisms

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  1. Lab Biology- Chapter 9 Honors Biology- Chapter 12 Genetics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLCqFo03Qpo&feature=related

  2. Modified genome of an organism • Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them to form a new genome • DNA from same species • DNA from different species- Transgenic organisms Genetically Modified Organisms

  3. Insertion of genes to produce a precursor of vitamin A (beta-carotene) Helps areas where there is a shortage of dietary vitamin A Golden Rice White rice Golden rice

  4. Unexpected allergies Introduction of new genes to a population Creation of invasive species Dangers of GMO’s

  5. Gene expression- activation of a gene that results in the formation of a protein • Chromosome coiling • Euchromatin- uncoiled form • Heterochromatin- condensed form Honors- Gene Expression- Eukaryotes

  6. Transcription factors • Proteins that regulate transcription • Enhancer- noncoding sequence that helps activate transcription Honors- Transcription Factors

  7. Study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring • Gene- unit of heredity found of a DNA molecule • Encodes for a trait Genetics

  8. Chromosomes occur in PairsGenes occur in Pairs

  9. Allele- symbols (letters) used to represent genes • Potential alternate forms • Ex. T=tall, t= short Allele

  10. Trait expressed • Capital letter • T=tall, B= purple • Masks another trait • Trait that may not be expressed • Lowercase letter • t= short, b=white • Only expressed when there is no dominant trait present Recessive Dominant

  11. Both alleles are the same • Examples: • TT • tt • bb • CC • Alleles differ • Examples: • Tt • Bb • Cc Homozygous/Pure Heterozygous/ hybrid

  12. Genetic make up • Examples: • homozygous, heterozygous, GG, Bb, Qq • Physical appearance • Examples: • Tall, short, blue, wrinkled Genotype Phenotype

  13. Symbolic of reproduction • _________x ___________ • P Generation= Parental generation • F1= first generation • F2= second generation Cross

  14. Diagram used to predict the phenotype and genotype of offspring PunnetSquaRE http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.html Does not work on iPads http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/punnett.html

  15. Genetic recombination • Scrambling of genes • Occurs in meiosis during prophase 1 • Can alter probability of genotype and phenotype ratios Remember!

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