1 / 33

Conservation Biology

Conservation Biology. Biodiversity. Trophic Levels. Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers Quaternary Consumers. Trophic Levels. Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers Quaternary Consumers. Keystone Species.

fiona
Download Presentation

Conservation Biology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Conservation Biology Biodiversity

  2. Trophic Levels • Primary Producers • Primary Consumers • Secondary Consumers • Tertiary Consumers • Quaternary Consumers

  3. Trophic Levels • Primary Producers • Primary Consumers • Secondary Consumers • Tertiary Consumers • Quaternary Consumers

  4. Keystone Species

  5. Keystone Species

  6. Coyote –Keystone species in Walnut Killing coyotes means an increase in a few dominant species Residents complain about rodent problems when coyotes disappear Keystone Species

  7. Biodiversity – Number of Species?

  8. Biodiversity Levels • Genetic • Species • Community and Ecosystem

  9. Biodiversity Levels • Alpha • Number of taxa in a local area • Gamma • Number of taxa in a region • Beta • The turnover of species from one habitat to another

  10. Latitude 60 degrees N 40 degrees N 20 degrees N Ant Species 10 species 50 – 100 species 100 – 200 species Geographic Patterns in Species Diversity

  11. Country Greenland New York Guatemala Colombia Bird Species 56 species 105 species 469 species 1395 species Geographic Patterns in Species Diversity

  12. Bird Diversity in North and Central America

  13. Location Arctic Waters Temperate Waters Tropical Seas Marine Species (Tunicates) 100 species 400 species 600 species Geographic Patterns in Species Diversity

  14. Temperate Zone Habitats Marsh Grassland Shrubland Desert Coniferous Forests Upland Deciduous Floodplain Deciduous # of Bird Species (E. J. Tramer) 6 6 14 14 17 21 24 Latitude Belts

  15. Foliage Height Diversity • Adding new layers adds new habitats for additional species

  16. Mammals and Breeding Land Birds Increase from North to South More in the west Increases with heterogeneity Reptiles and Amphibians More abundant in East Reptiles – mountains Amphibians - water North American Diversity (MacArthur and MacArthur)

  17. Island Biogeography • MacArthur and Wilson (1960’s)

  18. Primary Productivity • The amount of light energy that is converted into chemical energy • Often expressed as biomass

  19. Pyramid of Net Productivity

  20. Secondary Productivity • The rate at which an ecosystem converts the chemical energy of the food they eat into their own biomass • 10% rule

  21. Biodiversity Crisis • Extinction Rates are increasing • Toxins (biological magnification) • Greenhouse effect / Ozone depletion • Overpopulation • Major threats to Biodiversity • Habitat Destruction • Overexploitation • Introduction of exotics

  22. Conservation • Endangered Species • in danger of becoming extinct • Threatened Species • likely to become endangered in the near future • Genetic Diversity • Losing individuals or populations loses genetic diversity

  23. Habitat Fragmentation

  24. Conservation • Edges • Corridors • Protect landscapes not individual species • Sustainable development

  25. Edge Effect

  26. Corridors

  27. Population Viability Analysis • Predicts whether a species will persist in an environment • minimum viable population • effective population size

  28. Extinction • Background • Several species a year just go extinct – They are replaced • Mass • Large scale extinction – species replaced due to adaptive radiation of remaining species • Anthropogenic • Large scale extinction – species being replaced by a single species (humans)

More Related