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Cardiovascular System

Dive into the characteristics of blood, exploring its components like plasma, cells, and clotting mechanisms. Learn about blood types, clotting process, and the vital role blood plays in the cardiovascular system.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System • Blood • The Heart • The Vascular System

  2. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • pH • Viscosity

  3. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • 4 – 6 liters • 38 to 48% various cells • 52 – 62% Plasma • Color • pH • Viscosity

  4. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • Bright red is arterial – O2 rich • Dark red is venous – O2 depleted • pH • Viscosity

  5. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • pH • 7.35 to 7.45 on pH scale – alkaline • Venous blood is slightly lower due to CO2 • Viscosity

  6. Characteristics of Blood • Amount • Color • pH • Viscosity (thickness) • Blood is 3 to 5 times thicker than water • Thickness contributes to Blood Pressure

  7. Blood Make-up • Plasma • 91.5% Water • 7% Proteins – fibrogen, globulins, albumins • 1.5% Other – nutrients, hormones, nitrogenous wastes, respiratory gases, electrolytes • Blood Cells

  8. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%

  9. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Contain hemoglobin – bonds with O2 • Live about 120 days • Produced in red bone marrow • Stem cell-> Normoblasts-> Reticulocytes-> Erythocytes • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%

  10. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Cell fragments • Last 5 – 9 days • Primarily responsible for clotting mechanisms (3 mechanisms) • Vascular spasm – Platelet plugs – Chemical clotting • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%

  11. Blood Make-up • Plasma • Blood Cells • Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95% • Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8% • Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2% • 5 types separated into two groups • Granular Leukocytes: neutrophils – eosinophils – basophils • Agranular Leukocytes: lymphocytes - monocytes • Protect the body from Infectious disease • Provide Immunity to certain diseases

  12. Blood Types • ABO group – 4 blood types • A - has A antigens on the cell membrane • B - has B antigens on the cell membrane • AB - has A & B antigens on the cell membrane • O - has neither A nor B antigens on the cell membrane • Rh factor

  13. Blood Types • ABO group • Rh factor • Rh+ have the Rh antigen • Rh- do not have Rh antigen

  14. Blood Clotting • 3 types of Clotting • Vascular spasm • Platelet plugs • Chemical clotting

  15. Blood Clotting • Vascular spasm • When a large artery or vein is severed, smooth muscle in its wall contracts. Platelets release serotonin which brings about vasoconstriction, creating a smaller area to block with clots • Platelet plugs • Chemical clotting

  16. Blood Clotting • Vascular spasm • Platelet plugs • When capillaries rupture, the damage is too slight to initiate the formation of a clot. The rough shape causes the platelets to change shape (become spiky) and become sticky. They stick to each other and the edges of the capillary • Chemical clotting

  17. Blood Clotting • Vascular spasm • Platelet plugs • Chemical clotting • The stimulus for clotting is a rough surface within a vessel, or a break in a vessel, which also creates a rough surface. The more damage there is the faster clotting begins. 15 to 120 seconds

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