Cell Energy Review

1. Cell Energy Review PART A: Energy, ATP, Enzymes

2. What is the capacity to do work? • A. entrophy • B. energy • C. endergonic • D. exergonic

3. What type of reaction gives off energy (heat)? • Endergonic • Exergonic • Potential • kinetic

4. Which law of thermodymics states energy conversions reduce the order of the universe? • First • Second • Third • Fourth

5. Sum of endergonic and exergonic reactions: • Phosphorylation • Energy coupling • Substrate • Cellular metabolism

6. What is the study of energy transformations? • Entrophy • Thermodynamics • Energy of activation • energology

7. What is the name of the chemical that gives off light in fireflies? • Emporin • Satanerin • Luciferin • Lactase

8. What does “induced fit” mean? • Slight change in shape of active site of an enzyme • Slight change in cofactors • Adding a coenzyme to fit • Slight change in shape of substrate

9. What is EA? • Entropy Area • Energy of active sites • Energy of activation • Enzyme Area

10. Energy from an endergonic reaction is used for an exergonic reaction is called: • Energy of Activation • Entropy • Phosphorylation • Energy coupling

11. Adding a phosphate to a molecule is called: • Phosphorylation • Phosphosizing • Phosphating • Phosphodoing

12. Which Law of Thermodynamics states the total amount of energy in the universe is constant? • First • Second • Third • Fourth • Four and 1/2

13. What does this symbol mean in a bond? ~ • Strong • Weak • Stable • Unstable

14. How many phosphates does ATP have? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

15. Can ADP be regenerated back to ATP? • Yes • No

16. What three different structures make up ATP? • Phosphates-adenine-deoxyribose • Nitrates-adenine-deoxyribose • Phosphates-guanine-ribose • Phosphates-adenine-ribose

17. What two sugars make up lactose? • Glucose and sucrose • Glucose and glucose • Glucose and lactase • Glucose and galactose

18. Zinc, Copper and Iron could act as: • Cofactors • Coenzymes • Enzymes • ATP

19. Vitamins can act as: • Cofactors • Coenzymes • Enzymes • ATP

20. What is the substance an enzyme acts on called? • Inhibitor • Substrate • ATP • Cofactor

21. Most enzymes end in: • -ose • -ise • -ase • -ize

22. What pH is usually best for enzymes? pH 1-2 pH 4-5 pH 6-8 pH 10-14

23. Why is salt concentration and pH sometimes a problem for enzymes? • Denatures the enzyme • Pokes holes in it • Ions interfere with the chemical bond • Burns it

24. What inhibitor does not enter the active site but binds to the enzyme somewhere outside the active site? • Competitive • Noncompetitive • Negative • Activator

25. What does penicillin do to bacteria? • Inhibits an enzyme that makes cell walls • Poisons the nucleus • Hardens the capsule • Stops its nerves

26. If an enzyme is an inhibitor, itself, it is called: • Competitive inhibition • Noncompetitive inhibition • Negative feedback • Energy coupling

27. Cells transfer energy at: • 100% efficiency all the time • 100% efficiency some of the time • Never at 100% efficiency

28. Which is endergonic? • Plants making glucose • Digestion breaking down glucose • Disaccharides forming monosaccharides • Lactose forming glucose

29. What is the most important type of energy for living organisms? • Chemical • Electrical • Light • Nuclear

30. Which is exergonic? • Burning • Cellular Respiration • Light displayed by a firefly • All of the above

31. Which is an enzyme? • Carbohydrate • Lipid • Nucleic Acid • Protein

32. Nonprotein helpers of enzymes are called: • Enzyme Buddies • Cofactors • Coenzymes • Couplers

33. An organic molecule that is a helper of enzymes is: • Enzyme Buddy • Cofactor • Coenzyme • Coupler

34. What is a chemical that interferes with an enzyme’s activity? • Enhancer • Inhibitor • Coupler • Metaboler

35. Which inhibitor resembles the enzyme’s normal substrate and competes with the substrate for the active site? • Negator • Competitive • Noncompetitive • Permeable