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2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

4. The First American Government The Constitution and the Founding of America The Constitutional Convention The Constitution Ratification of the Constitution ] Amending the Constitution The Constitution and the Founding of America Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. The Constitution and the Founding of America > The First American Government The First American Government • Government in the English Colonies • British Taxes and Colonial Grievances • Taxation Without Representation • The First Continental Congress • The Second Continental Congress • Political Strife and American Independence • The Declaration of Independence • The Articles of Confederation • Powers of the American Government Under the Articles of Confederation • Impact of the Articles of Confederation • Shay's Rebellion and the Revision of the Articles of Confederation • The Annapolis Convention Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/the-constitution-and-the-founding-of-america-2/the-first-american-government-24/

6. The Constitution and the Founding of America > The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention • The Constitutional Convention • The Framers of the Constitution • Constitutional Issues and Compromises • The Virginia and New Jersey Plans • Debate over the Presidency and the Judiciary • Drafting the Final Document Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/the-constitution-and-the-founding-of-america-2/the-constitutional-convention-25/

7. The Constitution and the Founding of America > The Constitution The Constitution • The Constitution • The Bill of Rights • The Legislative Branch • The Executive Branch • The Judicial Branch • Federalism • Constitutional Limits • Limited Government • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/the-constitution-and-the-founding-of-america-2/the-constitution-26/

8. The Constitution and the Founding of America > Ratification of the Constitution Ratification of the Constitution • Federalists and Antifederalists • The Federalist Papers • Ratification of the Constitution Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/the-constitution-and-the-founding-of-america-2/ratification-of-the-constitution-27/

9. The Constitution and the Founding of America > Amending the Constitution Amending the Constitution • Amending the Constitution • Formal Methods of Amending the Constitution • Informal Methods of Amending the Constitution: Societal Change and Judicial Review • The Twenty-Seven Amendments of the U.S. Constitution Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/the-constitution-and-the-founding-of-america-2/amending-the-constitution-28/

10. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

11. The Constitution and the Founding of America Key terms • Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757[1] – July 12, 1804) was a Founding Father,[2] soldier, economist, and political philosopher, one of America's first constitutional lawyers and the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. • amendmentAn addition to and/or alteration to the Constitution. • Annapolis ConventionThe Annapolis Convention was a meeting in 1786 in Annapolis, Maryland, where twelve delegates from five states (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia) met and unanimously called for a constitutional convention. • Article IIIthe section of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government • Article V of the US ConstitutionThe process whereby the Constitution may be altered. Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification. • Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation was an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution • Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the thirteen founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution. • Bill of RightsThe collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. • Bill of RightsThe collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. • Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party (referred to in its time simply as "the destruction of the tea" or other informal names) was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, a city in the British colony of Massachusetts. The Tea Party was held to protest the tax policy of the British government and the East India Company that controlled all the tea imported into the colonies. • cabinet of the united statesThe Cabinet of the United States is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, who are generally the heads of the federal executive departments. • checks and balancesA system for multiple parties wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

12. The Constitution and the Founding of America • civic religionTerm used to refer to view that Americans view the documents of the Constitution, along with the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights, as being a cornerstone of a type of civic religion. • Committee of DetailThe Committee of Detail was a committee established by the United States Constitutional Convention on June 23, 1787 to put down a draft text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point, including the Virginia Plan's 15 resolutions. • committee of style and arrangementOnce the final modifications had been made, the Committee of Style and Arrangement was appointed "to revise the style of and arrange the articles which had been agreed to by the house. " • confederationA union or alliance of states or political organizations. • Congress(often capitalized: Congress) A legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America. • Connecticut CompromiseThe Connecticut Compromise was an agreement that both large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The compromise defined, in part, the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by James Madison, along with proportional representation in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. • constitutional conventionThe Constitutional Convention took place from May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain. • constitutional conventionThe Constitutional Convention took place from May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain. • constitutionally limited governmentA constitutionally limited government is a system of government that is bound to certain principles of action by a state constitution. The United States of America, a constitutionally limited republic, is an example of a constitutionally limited government. • constitutionally limited governmentA constitutionally limited government is a system of government that is bound to certain principles of action by a state constitution. The United States of America, a constitutionally limited republic, is an example of a constitutionally limited government. • continental congressThe Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. • correspondence committeeThe Committees of Correspondence were shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the American Revolution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

13. The Constitution and the Founding of America • court of appealsA court of appeals decides appeals from the district courts within its federal judicial circuit. There currently are thirteen United States courts of appeals. • de factoIn fact or in practice; in actual use or existence, regardless of official or legal status. (Often opposed to . ) • Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. • delegateA person authorized to act as representative for another; in politics, a party representative allocated to nominate a party candidate. • direct representationDirect representation is a proposed form of representative democracy where each representative's vote is weighted in proportion to the number of citizens who have chosen that candidate to represent them. • divine right of kingsA political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy that asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God. • dual federalismDual federalism is a theory of federal constitutional law in the United States according to which governmental power is divided into two separate spheres. One sphere of power belongs to the federal government of the United States while the other severally belongs to each constituent state. • electoral collegeA body of electors empowered to elect someone to a particular office • executive branchThe branch of government that oversees the carrying out of the laws, led by the president. • federalismA political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head. • federaliststatesman or public figure supporting the proposed Constitution of the United States between 1787 and 1789 • Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles or essays promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. The Constitution and the Founding of America • founding fathersThe Founding Fathers of the United States of America were political leaders and statesmen who participated in the American Revolution by signing the United States Declaration of Independence, taking part in the American Revolutionary War, and establishing the United States Constitution. • Great CompromiseAn agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the US Constitution. It called for a bicameral legislature, along with proportional representation in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. • hamilton's planProposed by Alexander Hamilton to the Constitutional Convention, this plan advocated doing away with much state sovereignty and consolidating the states into a single nation. The plan was perceived as a well-thought-out plan, but it was not considered because it resembled the British system too closely. • house of representativesThe United States House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the United States Congress. The major power of the House is to pass federal legislation that affects the entire country, although its bills must also be passed by the Senate and further agreed to by the U.S. President before becoming law. • imperial colonizationThe policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations. • inflationAn increase in the general level of prices or in the cost of living. • James MadisonJames Madison, Jr. (March 16, 1751 (O.S. March 5) – June 28, 1836) was an American statesman and political theorist, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817). He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for being instrumental in the drafting of the United States Constitution and as the key champion and author of the United States Bill of Rights. • James MadisonJames Madison was an American statesman and political theorist, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817). He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for being instrumental in the drafting of the United States Constitution and as the key champion and author of the United States Bill of Rights. • James MadisonJames Madison was an American statesman and political theorist, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817). He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for being instrumental in the drafting of the United States Constitution and as the key champion and author of the United States Bill of Rights. • John LockeJohn Locke, widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. • judicial powerJudicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. • Judicial ReviewJudicial review refers to the power of a court to review the constitutionality of a statute or treaty or to review an administrative regulation for consistency with a statute, a treaty, or the Constitution itself. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. The Constitution and the Founding of America • last of the romansTerm used to refer to the last remaining founders who lived well into the nineteenth century. • limited governmentIn a limited government, the power of government to intervene in the exercise of civil liberties is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution. It is a principle of classical liberalism, free market libertarianism, and some tendencies of liberalism and conservatism in the United States. • Magna CartaThe 1215 magna carta, also called charter, required King John of England to proclaim certain liberties and accept that his will was not arbitrary. For example, no "freeman" (in the sense of non-serf) could be punished except through the law of the land. This is a right that is still in existence today. • new jersey planUnder the New Jersey Plan, the unicameral legislature with one vote per state was inherited from the Articles of Confederation. This position reflected the belief that the states were independent entities and as they entered the United States of America freely and individually, so they remained. • new jersey planUnder the New Jersey Plan, the unicameral legislature with one vote per state was inherited from the Articles of Confederation. This position reflected the belief that the states were independent entities and as they entered the United States of America freely and individually, so they remained. • ordinancea local law or regulation. • pinckney planThe Pinckney Plan refers to the proposal by Charles Pinckney of South Carolina to the Constitutional Convention. It advanced a bicameral legislature made up of a Senate and a House of Delegates. The House would have one member for every one thousand inhabitants. The House would elect Senators who would serve by rotation for four years and represent one of four regions. • presidencyThe bureaucratic organization and governmental initiatives devolving directly from the president. • president of the united statesAs head of the Executive Branch of government, The President is both the head of state and government, as well as the military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat. • ProposalThat which is proposed, or propounded for consideration or acceptance; a scheme or design; terms or conditions proposed; offer; as, to make proposals for a treaty of peace; to offer proposals for erecting a building; to make proposals of marriage. • ratifyTo give formal consent to; make officially valid. • ratifyTo give formal consent to; make officially valid. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. The Constitution and the Founding of America • recalla procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before his or her term has ended • representationThe ability to elect a representative to speak on one's behalf in government; the role of this representative in government. • resolutionA statement of intent, a vow • senateThe composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article I of the U.S. Constitution. Each U.S. state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. Senators serve staggered six-year terms. The chamber of the United States Senate is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C., the national capital. • separation of powersA theoretical model for governance, common in democratic states, which features the division of sovereign power into at least three (but sometimes up to six) organs of state in order to forestall tyranny, by preventing the acquisition of a monopoly of power by a monarch or oligarchy. • stateA political division of a federation retaining a degree of autonomy, for example one of the fifty United States. See also Province. • Supreme Court of the United StatesThe Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and over state court cases involving issues of federal law. • taxationThe act of imposing taxes and the fact of being taxed • the tenth amendmentThe Tenth Amendment states the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the States by the Constitution are reserved to the States or the people. • Three-Fifths Compromisean agreement between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, in which three-fifths of the population of freed slaves would be counted for representation purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives • twenty-fifth amendmentThe Twenty-fifth Amendment (Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities. • United States ConstitutionThe Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. The Constitution and the Founding of America • united states federal courtsThe United States federal courts make up the judiciary branch of federal government of the United States. This includes the Supreme Court, the circuit courts, and the federal courts. • vetoA political right to disapprove of (and thereby stop) the process of a decision, a law, etc. • virginia planVirginia Plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. Prior to the start of the Convention, the Virginian delegates met and, drawing largely from Madison's suggestions, drafted a plan. • virginia planVirginia Plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. Prior to the start of the Convention, the Virginian delegates met and, drawing largely from Madison's suggestions, drafted a plan. • virginia planVirginia Plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. Prior to the start of the Convention, the Virginian delegates met and, drawing largely from Madison's suggestions, drafted a plan. • virtual representationVirtual representation stated that the members of Parliament spoke for the interests of all British subjects rather than for the interests of only the district that elected them. • writs of certiorariIn the United States, the writ of certiorari is most often seen as the writ that the Supreme Court of the United States issues to a lower court to review the lower court's judgment for legal error (reversible error) and review where no appeal is available as a matter of right. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. The Constitution and the Founding of America John Locke Author of Two Treatises of Government (1689) which argued that civil society was created for the protection of property. This piece was influential in the creation of the Bill of Rights. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."JohnLocke."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JohnLocke.pngView on Boundless.com

19. The Constitution and the Founding of America United States Constitution "We the People", as it appears in an original copy of the Constitution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Constitution We the People."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Constitution_We_the_People.jpgView on Boundless.com

20. The Constitution and the Founding of America Portrait of James Madison Stippling engraving of James Madison, President of the United States, done between 1809 and 1817. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."James Madison Portrait2."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Madison_Portrait2.jpgView on Boundless.com

21. The Constitution and the Founding of America Official Portrait of Joe Biden Official portrait of Vice President of the United States Joe Biden. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Joe Biden official portrait crop with alternative background."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_official_portrait_crop_with_alternative_background.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. The Constitution and the Founding of America William Paterson Portrait of William Paterson (1745–1806) when he was a Supreme Court Justice (1793–1806). Paterson was also known as the primary author of the New Jersey Plan during the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."William Paterson copy."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Paterson_copy.jpgView on Boundless.com

23. The Constitution and the Founding of America George Washington George Washington; Oil on canvas, 361/2" x 273/4" (circa 1787-1790). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Washington 1787-1790."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Washington_1787-1790.jpgView on Boundless.com

24. The Constitution and the Founding of America John Marshall John Marshall established judicial review. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Marshall-john-engraving-LOC-1808.jpg/220px-Marshall-john-engraving-LOC-1808.jpgView on Boundless.com

25. The Constitution and the Founding of America Parliament Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (1808–1879) being introduced in the House of Commons, the lower house of Parliament, on 26 July 1858. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Lionel_de_Rothschild_HOC."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lionel_de_Rothschild_HOC.jpgView on Boundless.com

26. The Constitution and the Founding of America Montesquieu Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, who urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Montesquieu 1."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Montesquieu_1.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. The Constitution and the Founding of America Declaration of Independence The final declaration was drafted by Thomas Jefferson. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Us declaration independence."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Us_declaration_independence.jpgView on Boundless.com

28. The Constitution and the Founding of America Virginia Plan Visual representation of the structure of James Madison's Virginia Plan. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."VirginiaPlan."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VirginiaPlan.pngView on Boundless.com

29. The Constitution and the Founding of America New Jersey Plan Visual representation of the structure of the New Jersey Plan. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."NewJerseyPlan."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewJerseyPlan.pngView on Boundless.com

30. The Constitution and the Founding of America Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton was a key player at the Constitutional Convention. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Alexander Hamilton portrait by Ezra Ames-cropped."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_Ezra_Ames-cropped.jpgView on Boundless.com

31. The Constitution and the Founding of America Sons of Liberty Propaganda The colonists released much propaganda during this time in protest of what they said were unconstitutional policies. Here, Sons of Liberty are tarring and feathering a tax collector. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Philip_Dawe_(attributed),_The_Bostonians_Paying_the_Excise-man,_or_Tarring_and_Feathering_(1774).jpg/220px-Philip_Dawe_(attributed),_The_Bostonians_Paying_the_Excise-man,_or_Tarring_and_Feathering_(1774).jpgView on Boundless.com

32. The Constitution and the Founding of America Federalism around the World A map showing countries currently organized along federalist principles in green. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:Map of federal states.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Map_of_federal_states.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

33. The Constitution and the Founding of America U.S Court of Appeals and District Courts map Map of the geographic boundaries of the various United States Courts of Appeals and United States District Courts. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:US Court of Appeals and District Court map.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

34. The Constitution and the Founding of America The U.S. Supreme Court The United States Supreme Court, the highest court in the United States, in 2010. Top row (left to right): Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice Samuel A. Alito, and Associate Justice Elena Kagan. Bottom row (left to right): Associate Justice Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy, and Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Supreme Court US 2010."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_US_2010.jpgView on Boundless.com

35. The Constitution and the Founding of America Pinckney Plan The Pinckney Plan proposed a bicameral legislature made up of a Senate and a House of Delegates. The House would have one member for every one thousand inhabitants. The House would elect Senators who would serve by rotation for four years and represent one of four regions. Congress would meet in a joint session to elect a President, and would also appoint members of the cabinet. Congress, in joint session, would serve as the court of appeal of last resort in disputes between states. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."PinckneyPlan."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PinckneyPlan.pngView on Boundless.com

36. The Constitution and the Founding of America Virginia Plan Visual representation of the structure of James Madison's Virginia Plan. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."VirginiaPlan."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VirginiaPlan.pngView on Boundless.com

37. The Constitution and the Founding of America New Jersey Plan Visual representation of the structure of the New Jersey Plan. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."NewJerseyPlan."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewJerseyPlan.pngView on Boundless.com

38. The Constitution and the Founding of America Amendment Proposal Resolution proposing the nineteenth amendment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/19th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg/190px-19th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. The Constitution and the Founding of America The Federalist Papers Title page of the first printing of the Federalist Papers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."The Federalist Papers."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Federalist_PapersView on Boundless.com

40. The Constitution and the Founding of America United States Constitution In the U.S. Constitution, the Taxing and Spending clause gives the federal government of the United States its power of taxation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Constitution of the United States, page 1."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constitution_of_the_United_States,_page_1.jpgView on Boundless.com

41. The Constitution and the Founding of America Daniel Shays Shays and colleague Job Shattuck Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Daniel_Shays_and_Job_Shattuck.jpg/300px-Daniel_Shays_and_Job_Shattuck.jpgView on Boundless.com

42. The Constitution and the Founding of America Constitutional Convention The Framers supported a process that would allow the newly created constitution to change, but also made sure it could not be changed too quickly. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Washington_Constitutional_Convention_1787.jpg/300px-Washington_Constitutional_Convention_1787.jpgView on Boundless.com

43. The Constitution and the Founding of America Magna Carta The Magna Carta of 1215 was written in iron gall ink on parchment in medieval Latin using standard abbreviations of the period. It was authenticated with the Great Seal of King John. The original wax seal was lost over the centuries. This document is held at the British Library identified as The British Library, Cotton MS. Augustus II. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Magna Carta."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magna_Carta.jpgView on Boundless.com

44. The Constitution and the Founding of America John of England signs Magna Carta, published ca. 1902 John of England signs Magna Carta. Illustration from Cassell's History of England (1902). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Joao sem terra assina carta Magna."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joao_sem_terra_assina_carta_Magna.jpgView on Boundless.com

45. The Constitution and the Founding of America Articles of Confederation These articles outlined the new government of the United States. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Articles_page1.jpg/190px-Articles_page1.jpgView on Boundless.com

46. The Constitution and the Founding of America The Virginia Plan The front page of the Virginia Plan document. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Virginia plan front 1 - hi-res."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Virginia_plan_front_1_-_hi-res.jpgView on Boundless.com

47. The Constitution and the Founding of America Electoral College 1800 The Constitutional Convention agreed that the house would elect the president if no candidate had an Electoral College majority, but that each state delegation would vote as a block, rather than individually. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."ElectoralCollege1800."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1800.svgView on Boundless.com

48. The Constitution and the Founding of America Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia During the Constitutional Convention, some the most contentious disputes revolved around the composition of the Presidency and the Judiciary. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpgView on Boundless.com

49. The Constitution and the Founding of America Johnson's Impeachment The Senate functioning as the Court of Impeachment for the Trial of Andrew Johnson. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Andew_Johnson_impeachment_trial.jpgView on Boundless.com

50. The Constitution and the Founding of America U.S. Capitol This is an image of the western front of the United States Capitol. The Neoclassical style building is located in Washington, D.C., on top of Capitol Hill at the east end of the National Mall. The Capitol was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."United States Capitol - west front."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_Capitol_-_west_front.jpgView on Boundless.com