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Explore sensory perception, reception, receptors, sensory transduction, mechanisms of vision, hearing, and skeletal system functions in this comprehensive AP Biology course at Crosby High School.
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Sensory and Motor Mechanisms AP Biology Crosby High School
Sensory Perception • Sensory Reception • Exteroreceptors • Interoreceptors • Sensory Transduction • Receptor Potential • Amplification • Transmission • Integration • Sensory adaptation
Sensory Receptors • Mechanoreceptors • Touch • Hair cells • Pain receptors (nociceptors) • Thermoreceptors • Chemoreceptors • Gustatory • Olfactory • Electromagnetic receptors
Vision • Photoreceptors • Planarians: eye cup • Invertebrates • Compound eyes • Ommatidia • Single-lens eye • Vertebrates • Single-lens eye
Vertebrate Eye • Sclera • Choroid • Conjunctiva • Cornea • Iris • Pupil • Retina • Lens and Ciliary Body • Rods and Cones
Outer ear External Pinna and Auditory canal Middle ear 3 ossicles Malleus Incus Stapes Oval Window Eustachian tubes Inner ear Cochlea Upper Vestibular Canal Lower Tympanic Canal Organ of Corti Auditory nerve Equilibrium Utricle Saccule Semicircular canals Hearing
Skeletal System • Types • Hydrostatic • Exoskeleton • Endoskeleton • Types of Joints • Ball-and-socket • Hinge • Pivot
Structure of Muscles • Myofilaments • Actin: Thin filaments • Myosin: Thick filaments • Sarcomere • Z lines • I band • A band • H zone
Muscle Contractions • Tropomyosin • Troponin complex • Ca2+ rearranges Tropomyosin-Troponin complex • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Types of Muscle • Fast Muscle • Slow Muscle • Myoglobin • Cariac Muscle • Located in the heart • Intercalated discs • Smooth Muscle • Non-striated • Mainly in hollow organs for peristalsis