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Unveiling Underground Economies: Human Trafficking Dynamics

Dive into the world of underground economies, exploring the intricate web of human trafficking. Learn about the definitions, sizes, challenges, and development factors. Discover the blurred lines between informal, underground, and criminal activities, and the legal complexities involved. Investigate the impacts on societies and economies, with insights from Hans F. Senholz's research on the underground economy. Uncover the economic factors driving human trafficking and the challenges of accounting for criminal economies. Explore the dark underbelly of globalization, unpaid labor, and untaxed income in this illicit world.

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Unveiling Underground Economies: Human Trafficking Dynamics

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  1. Underground Economies:Human Trafficking an Application

  2. Topics • Definition and variations • Accounting for size • Problems posed • Factors for development • An application: Human trafficking

  3. Definition • Includes all economic activities that are not registered • It’s flexible • “Informal” v. “Underground” v. “Criminal” • Legal v. Illegal • “Criminal” debate

  4. Definition • 4 Categories: • Activities yielding income that’s not reported • Productions that violates one or more mandates • Productive activity transfer beneficiaries who draw Soc. Security or public assistance • Productive activity by illegal aliens From Hans F. Senholz. “The Underground Economy”

  5. Determining Extent • Methods: -Direct approach: interview, tax audit -Indirect approach: Currency demand, Household electricity model -Soft model approach: cross-section and time series analysis

  6. A State in Transition • Weakened government due to collapse of Soviet Union • Post perestroika instability • Organized crime accounting for an estimated 40% of Russia’s GDP

  7. Human Trafficking • “Criminal Economy” -based on breaking fundamental laws

  8. Economic Factors • Humans as a commodity • Unpaid labor • Untaxed income • Globalization as a means of increase • Out migration of potential workers

  9. Accounting • Criminal Economy in the underground is the most difficult to account for • Methods used to estimate extent • Open interviews

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