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Innovations in Data Center Efficiency: Key Trends and Insights from the 50th HPC User Forum

At the 50th HPC User Forum held in Boston, renowned speaker Michael Thompson from Wayne State University delved into the pressing challenges of modern data centers. As the consumption of electricity by data centers surges, alternative strategies like co-location, server hosting, and IT consolidation emerge as critical. The presentation highlighted the environmental benefits of shifting towards DC power systems, which promise increased efficiency, reduced operational costs, and a smaller carbon footprint. Insights into emerging microgrid technologies and successful case studies underscored the necessity for smarter, more sustainable data management solutions.

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Innovations in Data Center Efficiency: Key Trends and Insights from the 50th HPC User Forum

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  1. 50th HPC User Forum Emerging Trends in HPC September 9-11, 2013 Boston, Massachusetts

  2. SPEAKER Michael Thompson Lead Systems Software Engineer Computing and Information Technology Wayne State University

  3. How it all started: A great cup of coffee NextEnergy and Nextek Tech Town and Java Cafe WSU Datacenter

  4. Drivers of WSU’sInterest in More Efficient Data Centers • Institutional IT strategy: co-location, server hosting and IT consolidation • Declining budgets • Units being asked to pay electricity bills • Environmental benefits • Alternative energy and microgrids • Detroit’s Public Lighting Department: reliability • Research

  5. Data Centers and Power Consumption • EPA Report 2007 • Data Centers consume ~1.5-2% of total U.S. electricity consumption • Power consumption more than doubled 2000-2007

  6. The “War of the Currents” AC!! DC!! Nikola Tesla: held several instrumental patents in the Westinghouse AC system. Thomas Edison: promoted the idea that alternating current was deadlier than DC

  7. AC vs. DC • Energy loss in every AD/DC conversion (efficiencies generally range from 75%-95%) • 3 typical conversions between power plant and servers in a data center • Energy lost typically as heat (adding to cooling problems in data center) • Inside servers: DC already

  8. NextEnergy’s mission is to accelerate energy security, economic competitiveness, and environmental responsibility through the growth of advanced energy technologies, businesses, and industries.

  9. Some DC History… Electric Vehicles (Bi-Directional) Zero Energy Buildings Site Based Renewable Energy – Distributed Generation Long Distance Transmission Centralized Generation (Power Plants) DC Power Use 1860’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s Initial Electrical Loads: Simple Inductive & Resistive 80% of all AC electricity is used by DC based power electronics DC Semiconductors / Power Electronics

  10. Status Quo DC / SemiconductorBased Loads DC DC VFD AC AC 4% to 8% Loss 4% - 8% 2% to 10% loss AC AC AC AC DC DC DC DC (Dimming) DC sources 12% to 20% loss AC AC AC DC DC AC Grid 15% to 20% loss 4% to 8% Loss 4% to 8% Loss DC storage 3% to 10% loss

  11. A Better WayDC Microgrids DC / SemiconductorBased Loads DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC AC AC AC VFD 2% to 5% loss 2% to 5% loss 0% loss (Dimming) DC Bus AC Grid 3% to 6% loss 3% to 5% loss DC • Higher Efficiency • Minimal Conversion Loss • Lower Operating Expense • Safer • Fewer Components • More Reliable • Less Real Estate • Reduced Carbon Footprint 3% to 6% loss DC 0% to 2% loss DC storage 1% to 5% loss

  12. Other DC Data Center Pilots… Duke Energy data center in Charlotte, North Carolina EPRI/LBNL - Electric Power Research InstituteLawrence Berkeley National Lab, California Calit2 - California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology , UC San Diego

  13. Full Scale 1MW DC Data Center Green.ch-ABB Zurich-West380Vdc Data Center ABB/Validus Power Distribution In: 16KV AC Out: 1MW @ 380Vdc Battery Backup: 10 mins Backup Generation 1,100m2 of 3,300m2Vdc HP 2U, Blades & Storage Servers Demonstrated Benefits 10% Better Energy Efficiency 15% Lower Capital Cost 25% Smaller Footprint 20% Lower Installation Costs 16KVac 3Ø 380Vdc Datacenter Servers Rectifier Battery Storage Photos courtesy of ABB* and HP*

  14. DC Data Centers Around The World…A Growing List!

  15. The NextEnergyData Room Detail

  16. The NextEnergyData Room Detail 30kW Rectifier + Batteries

  17. GRID LAYOUT

  18. C&IT AC Site

  19. AC Power Diagram

  20. RACKS DC RACK (NEXTEK) AC RACK (WSU)

  21. INEFFICIENCIES

  22. Power Loss AC TOTAL ~25-28%+∆% DC TOTAL ~3%+∆%

  23. DATA COLLECTION DC Data Collection (amatis AM-SCADA Meter and Monitor) Disk Array A Disk Array B Juniper Switch A Juniper Switch B AMD Compute 1-A AMD Compute 1-B Intel Compute 1-A Intel Compute 1-B Intel Compute 2-A Intel Compute 2-B AC Data Collection (APC AP8641 Rack PDU) Disk Array A Disk Array B Juniper Switch A Juniper Switch B AMD Compute 1-A AMD Compute 1-B Intel Compute 1-A Intel Compute 1-B Intel Compute 2-A Intel Compute 2-B

  24. DATA STORAGE Intelligent PlatformManagement Interface IPMI • Amatis AM-SCADAMeter and Monitor APC AP8641 Rack PDU

  25. BENMARKING UTILITIES TPCW HiBench YCSB

  26. IPMI & GANGLIAREADINGS Ganglia Readings CPU Load, Memory, Bytes In, Byte Out, Disk Free

  27. Summary • DC Microgrids save money • Less electricity • Less cooling • Less space • Less maintenance (reliability) • Minimal AC-DC conversion losses • Flexible, whole-building use of 380VDC power • Applicable to existing IT equipment • Fully scalable to meet demand

  28. Acknowledgements

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