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Understanding Thermal Energy and Phase Changes: A Comprehensive Guide

Learn about the principles of thermal energy, phase changes, melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation. Discover how adding or removing heat affects the state of matter and temperature. Explore the rules of phase changes and examples of phase change processes like evaporation and condensation.

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Understanding Thermal Energy and Phase Changes: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Notes: Thermal Energy and Phase Changes 150 100 50 0 Temperature (°C) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy (Heat)

  2. Adding Thermal Energy to H20 150 100 50 0 Temperature (°C) Ice 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  3. Adding Thermal Energy to H20 150 100 50 0 Temperature (°C) Melting Ice 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  4. Adding Thermal Energy to H20 150 100 50 0 Temperature (°C) Water Melting Ice 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  5. Adding Thermal Energy to H20 150 100 50 0 Vaporization Temperature (°C) Water Melting Ice 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  6. Adding Thermal Energy to H20 150 100 50 0 Vapor Vaporization Temperature (°C) Water Melting Ice 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  7. Taking Thermal Energy from H20 150 100 50 0 Vapor Temperature (°C) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  8. Taking Thermal Energy from H20 150 100 50 0 Vapor Condensation Temperature (°C) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  9. Taking Thermal Energy from H20 150 100 50 0 Vapor Condensation Temperature (°C) Water 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  10. Taking Thermal Energy from H20 150 100 50 0 Vapor Condensation Temperature (°C) Water Freezing 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  11. Taking Thermal Energy from H20 150 100 50 0 Vapor Condensation Temperature (°C) Water Freezing Ice 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  12. Thermal Energy and Phase Changes 150 100 50 0 Gas Vaporization Condensation Temperature (°C) Liquid Melting Freezing Solid 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy

  13. Rules of Thumb 1) Horizontal lines are phase changes 2) Diagonal lines are changes in temperature 3) Adding heat causes different phase changes than removing it!

  14. VAPORIZATION (Liquid-Gas) • evaporation – a change in phase from liquid to gas at the surface. • this cools the remaining liquid! • boiling – a change in phase from liquid to gas below the surface. • this cools the remaining liquid! • boiling point – the temperature that an object vaporizes or condenses.

  15. Condensation (Gas  Liquid) • this is a warming process for the liquid. • gas molecules strike surface of liquid and give up so much energy that they can’t stay in gaseous phase • examples droplets forming on mirror droplets on glass of water

  16. Phase Change Process (S & L) • melting – thermal energy is used to break bonds • the bonds that hold molecules in vibrating lattice structure are breaking. • the intermolecular forces lessen • freezing – thermal energy is used to create bonds and hold molecules in place • the bonds that will hold molecules in position are forming • the intermolecular forces increase • melting point – the temperature at which an object either melts or freezes.

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