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Information from Archival Tags on Salmon in the Bering Sea, 2003-2006

Information from Archival Tags on Salmon in the Bering Sea, 2003-2006. NPRB Project R0204 NPAFC Salmon Tagging PI: Jack Helle Vladimir Fedorenko. Robert Walker, Kate Myers, Nancy Davis School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington, USA

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Information from Archival Tags on Salmon in the Bering Sea, 2003-2006

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  1. Information from Archival Tags on Salmon in the Bering Sea, 2003-2006 NPRB Project R0204 NPAFC Salmon Tagging PI: Jack Helle Vladimir Fedorenko Robert Walker, Kate Myers, Nancy Davis School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington, USA Jack Helle, Jim Murphy NOAA Fisheries Auke Bay Lab Shigehiko Urawa National Salmon Resources Center, Japan & NPAFC Olga Temnykh, Vladimir Sviridov TINRO-Centre, Russia Vladimir Fedorenko North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission

  2. Acknowledgments • North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) • North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) • NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, AFSC/ABL • Fisheries Research Agency; National Salmon Resources Center; HNFRI (Japan) • Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO), KamchatNIRO (Russia) • Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)

  3. BASIS “The Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) is NPAFC's coordinated program of cooperative research on Pacific salmon in the Bering Sea that was designed to clarify the mechanisms of biological response by salmon to the conditions caused by climate changes. • Seasonal-specific migration patterns of salmon and their relation to the Bering Sea ecosystem • Key biological, climatic, and oceanographic factors affecting long-term changes in Bering Sea food production and salmon growth rates” www.npafc.org R0303 - NPAFC Cooperative Research: Use of genetic stock identification to determine the distribution, migration, early marine survival, and relative stock abundance of sockeye and chum salmon in the Bering Sea

  4. Tag Types: • Lotek LTD_1100 (temperature, depth) • AlphaMach iBLite, iBKrill (temperature) • StarOddi DST CTD (salinity, temperature, depth) • Lotek LTD_2400 (temperature, depth, light/geolocation)

  5. Live Box for Trawl

  6. = Wakatake maru = Kaiyo maru = Miller Freeman Offshore archival tagging cruise tracks, 2003-2006

  7. NPAFC/NPRB DST releases and recoveries, 2003-2006 recovery rates Overall: 7.8% Total releases: 637 Total recoveries: 50 (Overall INPFC/NPAFC disk tag recovery rate, 1955-2000: 3.8%)

  8. Releases and Recoveries by Species recovery rates

  9. Recoveries of NPAFC / NPRB DSTs released in the Bering Sea, North Pacific, and Gulf of Alaska 1 3 6 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 21

  10. diel behavior pattern recuperation period Key to data charts Depth Temperature

  11. Depths relatively constant; Fish may be choosing depth range, not temperature Temperatures can help indicate changes in water mass

  12. Yukon Chinook - 2 Year Data Record

  13. Night: near surface Day: few, large vertical movements

  14. Night: 25 m below surface Day: small vertical movements, comes to the surface

  15. Night: 25 m below surface Day: 100 m below surface

  16. Comparison of Winters

  17. Deep Dive Periods after Winter April-May 2003 February-May 2004

  18. Proportion of Chinook By-Catch, EBS Trawl Fishingby season, age, and depth, 1997-1999 40-80% at 50-400 m, slightly deeper Sept-Oct, more older fish in winter, younger in summer-fall

  19. Immature Maturing age 1.2 age 1.3 age 1.4

  20. 120W 170E 180 170 160 150 140 130 70N 70N AK 66N 66N YT Yukon River 62N 62N 3 6 3 7 3 7 6 7 58N 58N 3 6 7 12 3 2 7 7 3 6 3 2 3 7 2 BC 54N 54N 50N 50N Yukon River Chinook Salmon = mature adult (n = 1 CWT) WA 46N 46N = immature and maturing in winter (n=15 CWT) OR 42N 42N = immature in summer (n=10 high seas tags) 38N 38N Number inside symbol = month that fish was caught CA 34N 34N 120W 170E 180 170 160 150 140 130

  21. Sockeye • Shallow dives (20-30 m) • Weak to moderate diurnal pattern

  22. Bering Sea Pink Salmon

  23. Strong diurnal pattern • May remain deep during day • Moderate depth (40-60m)

  24. Coho • Diurnal pattern variable • Sometimes remains below surface • 30-70 m dives, to > 100 m

  25. Maximum and Average Minimum Depths (m) on Data Tags

  26. Summary • Generally relatively shallow (to 30-60 m); some deep dives by chum and chinook • Species differences • Depth ranges often relatively constant while temperature ranges vary; possible selection for depth, not temperature? • Note: most data are from maturing fish; Possible changes in behavior with stage of maturity indicated by 1 tag

  27. Suggestions for the Future • Tag more immature salmon • Tag later in fall, for better chances of recoveries of immature salmon • Tag earlier in spring, for better coverage of returning stocks • Use geolocation tags

  28. Thank you! …Keep looking for high seas salmon tags!

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