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Exploring Marine Fishes: An Insight into Chondrichthyes

Discover the fascinating world of marine fishes and the class Chondrichthyes, exploring their physical characteristics, behaviors, and unique adaptations. From the ancient jawless fishes to the mighty sharks, delve into the diversity of aquatic life.

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Exploring Marine Fishes: An Insight into Chondrichthyes

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  1. Did You Know? • That the Sand Tiger Shark is not able to close its mouth, because of its long and sharp teeth.- That the Great White Shark, which can be more than 6 metres long and weight more than 2 tons, only has a brain at the size of a thumb.- That 30 species of sharks are known to have attacked humans.- That the Nurse Shark sucks meat out of shells and it crushes lobsters on the ocean bed.

  2. Monday 4/16 • Objective: Learn about marine fishes and the class chondrichthyes, and their physical characteristics. • Agenda: • Begin shark notes

  3. Marine Fishes Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata

  4. Characteristics • Backbone • Bilateral symmetry • Endoskeleton • Fish-simplest & oldest of all living vertebrates (Fossils date back to 400 million years ago) • Most abundant-over 22,000 species of fish in world • 58% are marine

  5. class Agnatha Most primitive No jaws- feed by suction Jawless Fishes

  6. class Chondrichthyes (Con-dric-thees) Sharks, rays, skates, & ratfishes Skeleton is made of cartilage Lighter & more flexible than bone Cartilaginous Fishes

  7. Mouth is ventral (underneath head) • Sandpaper like skin • May have well developed teeth • Constantly are replaced

  8. Movement • Fins more rigid than bony fish • Rely on pectoral fins to “lift” them in order to prevent sinking (no air bladder) • Large, oily liver that increases buoyancy • Streamline body shape – moves quickly b/c of large muscles in the caudal fin. • Asymmetric caudal fin improves stability

  9. Sharks • Smallest = pygmy shark (25cm) • Largest = whale shark (15 meters)! These are filter feeders. • Bottom dwellers = nurse & leopard • Most aggressive = Great White • Other dangerous sharks = Tiger and Hammerhead

  10. Sensory • Sensitive receptors to detect stimuli: Lateral Line organ • Hair-like sensors that pick up sound vibrations up to ½ km away • Ampullae of Lorenzini in the snout – senses electric fields generated by the muscles of potential prey. • 2/3 of the sharks brain is devoted to sense and smell

  11. Did You Know? • The flying fish is capable of continuing its flight, they have been recorded stretching out their flights with consecutive glides spanning distances up to 1,312 feet (400 meters).

  12. Tuesday 4/17 • Objective: I will learn about bony fish • Agenda: • Bony fish notes • Fish Food Group: if you have a digital copy of your guided notes I can print them for you, but I need it tomorrow • Homework: None

  13. Reproduction • Internal fertilization • Male sharks = Claspers that hold onto female for transfer of sperm into reproductive tract. • Some (mostly aggressive) have internal development and live births (viviparous) - -hammerheads • Some start predation early by devouring their siblings before they hatch! • Other sharks and skates have external development – develop in a black, leathery case called a “mermaids purse” – take over a year to develop. (oviparous)

  14. Whale Shark- largest fish in existence

  15. Bull Sharks Very Aggressive Fresh and Saltwater

  16. Sharks must swim to force water over their gills • If caught in nets they will drown • Some exceptions: nurse sharks- gills can contain enough oxygen w/o swimming

  17. Bony Fishes • class Osteichthyes (Osti-ich-thees) • Skeleton partially bone • Have an operculum-gill cover to protect gills • Caudal fin usually same size (top & bottom)

  18. Bony fish have fin rays vs. cartilaginous fins & a swim bladder Sunfish-largest Bony fish 1996, Japan 9.6 ft long

  19. Biology of Fishes • Study of fishes: Ichthyology • Body Shape • Directly related to lifestyle • Fast swimmers=streamlined • Coral reef fish=laterally compressed

  20. Laterally compressed-at beginning of life one eye on each side then migrates to same side • Elongated bodies fit into rocks & other narrow spaces • Truncate, short-

  21. Irregular shapes help with concealment-

  22. Countercurrent exchange Heat exchange: legs of birds, bodyheating of fish such as Tuna and Mako shark

  23. Fins • Pairs = Pectoral & Pelvic • Single = Dorsal, Anal & Symmetric Caudal (have air bladder for stability) • Skin – slimy mucus coating acts as a barrier against infection and friction

  24. 1st Dorsal Fin 2nd Dorsal Fin Caudal Fin Pectoral Fin Anal Fin Pelvic Fin

  25. S.T.A.R • 1. What type of skeleton do cartilaginous fish have? • 2. What type of symmetry do marine fishes have? • 3. What type of reproduction do sharks have? • 4. What adaptation do male sharks and rays have to aid in reproduction? • 5. Answer questions 1-4 on page. 5-66

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