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Teacher Information!

Teacher Information!. Necessary materials: PowerPoint Guide. Wildland Fire Types and Fighting Fire. Pgs 283-289 in Ch.22 of Managing Our Natural Resources. Rangelands , Forests, & Fire. Students will be able to…. Describe the types of wildland fires. Discuss fire suppression.

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Teacher Information!

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  1. Teacher Information! • Necessary materials: • PowerPoint Guide

  2. Wildland Fire Types and Fighting Fire Pgs 283-289 in Ch.22 of Managing Our Natural Resources Rangelands, Forests, & Fire

  3. Students will be able to… • Describe the types of wildland fires. • Discuss fire suppression.

  4. Who started the fire? Wildfires may be • Natural mainly lightning or… • Human-caused • Incendiary-the unlawful setting of fire • Includes arson and escaped planned fires • Unattended campfires

  5. Types of Wildland Fires • 3 types based on fire intensity • Ground fire • Surface fire • Crown fire • Fire intensity  the rate a fire produces heat • measured as temperature or heat yield

  6. Ground Fires • Burn the organic materials beneath the surface litter of the forest floor • Fuels like peat, coal, tree roots • Common in wet, boggy areas • Smoldering fire, usually no flames • Very high heat kills root systems

  7. Surface Fires • Burn surface litter and small vegetation • Forest canopy is not generally burned • Most fires begin as surface fires • Easiest to control

  8. Crown Fires • Burn from top to top of trees or shrubs • Most dangerous type of fire • Can easily spread due to wind

  9. Anatomy of a Fire • Headthe most active part of a fire; a fire can have more than one • Rear: the slowest burning part of a fire • Flank: the sides of the fire, between the head and the rear Flank Head Rear Burned area Wind

  10. Fire Anatomy Influenced by: • Air movement  horizontal & vertical movement of air & wind speed • Fire season July-September in Idaho • Topography • Steeper slopes = faster fire, more updrafting winds • Presences of roads, streams = fire barriers

  11. Fire Behavior • These factors that affect fire anatomy result in fire behavior  • The rate of spread or speed of a fire • Fire intensity • Some conditions can decrease the rate of spread • Rain • Wind reversal • Increased relative humidity

  12. Fuel Types • Influence fire behavior • Two types • Ground fuels  peat, duff, tree roots, leaves, dead grass, weeds, low shrubs • Aerial fuels  burnable material in canopies above 6 ft from the ground

  13. Wildfire Detection • Lookout towers • An alidade determine the azimuth of a detected fire from two lookout towers • Triangulation 2 azimuths taken from two towers pinpoints fire location • Telephone reports from motorists

  14. Wildfire Detection • Fire-watch planes • Remote sensing equipment • Satellite imaging systems

  15. Preventing Wildfire • Education campaigns • Smokey Bear • Keep America Green • Thinning • Prescribed burning • National Fire Danger Rating System • Fire danger indices

  16. Suppressing Wildfire • Directattack • The flames are attacked • Fire lanes • Indirectattack Removes fuel from the fire triangle • Firebarriers • Backfire • Moppingup  Patrolling the fire line after the fire is under control

  17. Review • Describe the types of wildland fires. • Discuss fire suppression.

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