1 / 10

The Revolution in Russia: From Czars to Totalitarianism under Stalin

This chapter explores the pivotal events in Russian history, detailing the rise of revolutionary movements against the oppressive regimes of Czars Alexander III and Nicholas II. It covers the industrialization of Russia, the emergence of Marxist ideologies, and key revolutions in 1917, resulting in the fall of the Czar and the rise of Lenin and the Bolsheviks. The text further discusses the establishment of a totalitarian state under Stalin, examining his control over the economy, the Great Purge, and the indoctrination of the populace through propaganda and education.

fauve
Download Presentation

The Revolution in Russia: From Czars to Totalitarianism under Stalin

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 30 Sections 1 & 2 Revolution in Russia Starts on Page 867

  2. Section 1Revolutions in Russia • Czars Resist Change • Alexander III (1881-1894), Nicholas II (1894-1917) • Censorship • Secret Police • Suppression of non-Russian nationalities • Russia Industrializes • Number of factories double between 1863-1900 • In the 1890s, government ministers seek foreign investment for growth. By 1900, Russia is the 4th largest steel producer • Trans-Siberian Railway: world’s largest continuous rail line

  3. Section 1Revolutions in Russia • The Growth of the Revolutionary Movement • Rapid industrialization stirred up discontent just as it had in other European nations • Views of Karl Marx catch on • Believed that industrial working class would overthrow the Czar, and establish a “dictatorship of the proletariat.” • Proletariat: the working class • Russian Marxists split • Mensheviks: Moderates • Bolsheviks: Radicals, led by Vladimir Lenin • Lenin forced to leave Russia to avoid arrest.

  4. Section 1Revolutions in Russia • Crises at Home and Abroad • The Russo-Japanese War, 1904 • Japanese and Russians competing for Korea and Manchuria. Russia looses • Bloody Sunday: the Revolution of 1905 • 200,000 workers protest at Czars palace, troops open fire • nation wide strikes. Czar sets up a weak legislature called the Duma • World War I: The Final Blow • Czar Nicholas II went to the front • Wife, Czarina Alexandra, runs government, with help of the mysterious holy man, Rasputin

  5. Section 1Revolutions in Russia • The March Revolution, 1917 • Workers riot against government, Czar abdicates. • Duma sets up the “provisional government” (means temporary government) • Lenin Returns to Russia, with help from the Germans • The Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin’s slogan: “Peace, Land and Bread!” • Provisional government overthrown by Bolshevik supporters in November. • Bolsheviks take power: land to be redistributed, truce signed with Germany. • Civil War in Russia, 1918-1920 • The Red Army (Bolsheviks) • The White Army (Czarists, Democrats, and Mensheviks)

  6. Section 1Revolutions in Russia • Lenin Restores Order • New Economic Policy, 1921 • Small-scale capitalism • Banks, communication, and major industries remain government controlled • Political Reforms • Organizes the country as a series of self-governing republics under the Central Government • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Bolshevik Party becomes the Communist Party • Stalin becomes Dictator • Joseph Stalin, general secretary of the Communist Party • Lenin Dies in 1924 • Leon Trotsky, Stalin’s rival, is exiled to Mexico • Stalin in total control by 1928.

  7. Section 2Totalitarianism: Stalinist Russia • A Government of Total Control • Totalitarianism: a government that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life. • Police State: use of terror and violence, police used to enforce government’s policies • Indoctrination: instruction in the government’s beliefs to mold people’s minds. (Education) • Propaganda and Censorship: total control of all mass-media to spread the government’s message • Religious or Ethnic Persecution: “enemies of the state”, someone to blame.

  8. Section 2Totalitarianism: Stalinist Russia • Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State • Police State: monitoring telephone lines, reading mail, spying on citicents • Great Purge, 1934-1938, 8-13 million killed • Russian Propaganda and Censorship • Education and Indoctrination • Schools taught the virtues of the Communist Party • Government youth groups trained children to be good communists • Religious Persecution: Atheism, attacked the Russian Orthodox Church • Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy • Command Economy: government made all economic decisions • Industry: the Five-Year Plans • Focus on steel, coal, oil • Led to shortages of consumer goods (clothes, shoes, food) • Agriculture: collective farms • Private farms seized by government, worked by hundreds of families

  9. Section 2Totalitarianism: Stalinist Russia • Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy • Command Economy: government made all economic decisions • Industry: the Five-Year Plans • Focus on steel, coal, oil • Led to shortages of consumer goods (clothes, shoes, food) • Agriculture: collective farms • Private farms seized by government, worked by hundreds of families

  10. Sections 1 & 2 Review • Who were the last Czars? • Who were the Mensheviks? Bolsheviks? • What revolutions occurred in 1917? • Who took over Russia in 1917? Who was their leader? • Who turned Russia into a totalitarian state? • What is Totalitarianism? • What is a command economy? • What are collective farms?

More Related