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GONORRHEA

GONORRHEA. 2 nd century A.D Gonorrhea means… “ Flow of Seed” Coined A.D. 130 by Greek Physician Claudius GALEN Mistook pus as a excess semen. Etymology:. Also called “clap” From the French word clapori meaning brothel

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GONORRHEA

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  1. GONORRHEA

  2. 2nd century A.D Gonorrhea means… “Flow of Seed” Coined A.D. 130 by Greek Physician Claudius GALEN Mistookpus as a excess semen Etymology: BIANCA R.

  3. Also called “clap” From the French word claporimeaning brothel a treatment that used to clear the blockage in the urethra from gonorrhea pus, where the penis would be 'clapped' on both sides . BIANCA R.

  4. Also called “tulo” (tagalog) or “ The drip” (continuous flow) BIANCA R.

  5. Mid- 13th century when it was recognized as a specific disease, 1879 causative agent, Neisseriagonorrhoea Described by German physician, discovered leprosy as well ALBERT NEISSER - Gram negative, spherical oval diplococcus with flattened adjacent sides that resemble pair of coffee beans facing each other. BIANCA R.

  6. Strains of neisseria BIANCA R.

  7. N. gonorrhoeae (also called thegonococcus), which causesgonorrhoea. BIANCA R.

  8. Neisseria meningitis(also called themeningococcus), one of the most common causes of bacterial meningitis and the causative agent of meningococcal septicaemia. BIANCA R.

  9. Non -pathogens Neisseriacinerea Neisseriaelongata Neisseriaflavescens Neisserialactamica Neisseria mucosa Neisseriapolysaccharea Neisseriasicca Neisseriasubflava Neisseriabacilliformis Neisseriamacacae BIANCA R.

  10. Major difference of the 2 PATHOLOGIC strains BIANCA R.

  11. sets of sugars from which they will produce acid. N. gonorrheaemakes acid from only glucose, N. meningitidis produces acid from both glucose and maltose. BIANCA R.

  12. Pathogen and virulence factors BIANCA R.

  13. Neiisseriagonorrhoeais also known as gonococcus is the pathogen that cause gonorrhea. BIANCA R.

  14. Gram –negative bacterium usually forms pairs of cells that have fimbrae, a polysaccharide capsules and major cell wall antigen called lipoligosaccharide composed of lipid A and sugar molecules. Cocci protect themselves from immune system by secreting aprotease enzyme that cleaves IgA in mucus. BIANCA R.

  15. BIANCA R. INFECTIVITY: PILI (FIMBRAE) ATTACH TO EPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE URINARY TRACT SO THAT THEY ARE NOT SWEPT OUT IN THE PASSAGE OF URINE.

  16. Neisseria gonorrhea cannot attach to cell lining of vagina but it commonly affects the cervix of the uterus . BIANCA R.

  17. Squamous epithelium, which lines the adult vagina, is not susceptible to infection by the gonococcus. However, the prepubertal vaginal epithelium, which has not been keratinized under the influence of estrogen, may be infected BIANCA R.

  18. VULVOVAGINITISis the term used for gonorrhea in young girls between 1- puberty. Due to sexual abuse BIANCA R. (pain on urination, Vulvar and perianal soreness, discomfort on defacation)

  19. Both boys and girls can develop a pus filled anal discharge indicative of anorectal gonorrhea as a result of sexual abuse. BIANCA R.

  20. NEISSERIA GONORRHEA CAN ALSO USE THEIR PILI/ fimbrae TO ATTACH TO SPERM CELLS AND CLIMB INTO UPPER PART OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT . RESULTS IN AN INFECTION PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE UPPER REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM…. BIANCA R.

  21. Some new strains of gonorrhea without the piliare non -virulent BIANCA R.

  22. Neisseriacinerea Neisseriaelongata Neisseriaflavescens Neisserialactamica Neisseria mucosa Neisseriapolysaccharea Neisseriasicca Neisseriasubflava Neisseriabacilliformis Neisseriamacacae BIANCA R.

  23. Gonococci produce endotoxins that damages the mucosal cells of the fallopian tubes so it releasesproteases and phospholipases that is important in pathogenesis. BIANCA R.

  24. Produce extracellular protease that cleaves IgA, they adhere to neutrophilsand are phagocytizedby them. Some bacterias are killed and survivors multiply in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. BIANCA R.

  25. Gonococci gets their IRON for their metabolic needs on iron-transport protein, TRANSFERRIN. BIANCA R.

  26. EPIDEMIOLOGY BIANCA R.

  27. DID YOU KNOW? BIANCA R. GONORRHEA is the SECOND MOST commonly reported disease in the UNITED STATES.. (CHLAMYDIA is the first.)

  28. BIANCA R. An estimated 650,000 cases of gonorrhea occur each year in the United States The reported gonorrhea rate in the United States remains the highest of any industrialized country and is roughly 50 times that of Sweden and eight times that of Canada.

  29. More common in homosexuals…. More common in blacks than whites…. More common on males than females… BIANCA R.

  30. During a single encounter, women have 50% chance of getting the infection… 20% chance for men. BIANCA R.

  31. In the Philippine Statistics, September 2009, 253,652cases of Gonorrhea out of 86,241,697 population (http://www.cureresearch.com/g/gonorrhea/stats-country.htm) BIANCA R.

  32. HOST OF GONORRHEA HUMANS are the ONLY NATURAL HOST for gonococci. BIANCA R.

  33. 60-80% of FEMALE , 40% male, remains ASYMPTOMATIC carriers for about 5-15 years. BIANCA R.

  34. Gonorrhea epidemic In 1960, contraceptive pill and intrauterine device is introduced in the WESTERN WORLD. Men decreased using condoms and soermicides that lead to their SEXUAL FREEDOM. WOMEN using CONTRACEPTIVE PILL 98% suceptibleto gonorrhea because pill alters vaginal pH and now becomes suceptible for gonococcal growth. BIANCA R. Desired pH of bacteria :7.2- 7.6

  35. WOMEN using IUDs makes gonorrheal infection spread FASTER, EXPOSURE OF BLOOD VESSELS during menstruationalllowsbacteria to enter the circulatory system cause BACTEREMIA. Gonorrheal lesions makes infection with HIV easier. BIANCA R.

  36. Incubation period BIANCA R.

  37. Neisseriagonorrhoeacan incubate after the exposure to the pathogen from 1-14 days or sometimes until 30 days prior to exposure. BIANCA R.

  38. transmission of gonorrhea BIANCA R.

  39. A person can transmit the organism even without having symptoms. BIANCA R.

  40. SEXUAL INTERCOURSE With a Infected/ carrier of Neisseria gonorrhea BIANCA R.

  41. Transfer of organisms by contaminated hands can result to eye infection of gonorrhea. ( scarring of cornea may lead to blindness) BIANCA R.

  42. Fomites like infected towels may also cause gonorrhea infection on eyes if the towel is contaminated and was placed on eyes. BIANCA R.

  43. Transmission may also occur from failure of a hospital to launder infected sheets correctly. An outbreak of vulvovaginitis in female pediatric patients who acquired the disease from sitting on the unclean sheets. BIANCA R.

  44. Infected mother may cause opthalmianeonatorumduring the passage on the birth canal. BIANCA R.

  45. Sharing of SEX TOYS without cleaning it after use. BIANCA R.

  46. Ejaculation is not needed for the disease to be passed on or caught. BIANCA R.

  47. Signs &symptoms BIANCA R.

  48. Symptoms are often within one to fourteen days after exposure, but can take up to thirty days. People are considered contagious until they have been treated BIANCA R.

  49. Usual signs & symptoms • painful urination • anal itching or bleeding • sore throat • greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the urethra. • painful or swollen testicles BIANCA R.

  50. Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women • strong smelling vaginal discharge that may be thin & watery or thick & yellow/green • irritation or discharge from the anus • abnormal vaginal bleeding • possibly some low abdominal or pelvic tenderness • pain or a burning sensation when passing urine • low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea BIANCA R.

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