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COSHOD AND THE DESIGN OF A CARIBBEAN SOCIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

Rationale for a Caribbean SPF Approach . Conceptual Advance: [shift away from instrumentalist views of social policy (midwife/handmaiden) to

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COSHOD AND THE DESIGN OF A CARIBBEAN SOCIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

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    1. by Prof. Clive Y. Thomas IDS, University of Guyana April 10, 2004 COSHOD AND THE DESIGN OF A CARIBBEAN SOCIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK

    2. Rationale for a Caribbean SPF Approach Conceptual Advance: [shift away from instrumentalist views of social policy (midwife/handmaiden) to “equal partner” in development policy] Systemic Domestic Pressures on Welfare Provision: [increasing mix of elements of risk-based, basic needs, rights-based, entitlements, and citizenship in social welfare provision] Systemic External Pressures on Welfare Provisions via: Global economic effects [economic impact of globalisation/liberalisation]

    3. Rapidly evolving global norms/standards, i.e., global public goods [reflected in increasing number of international agreements, conventions, targets, obligations] International “good-practice” [donor community, IFIs, intergovernmental organisations, global NGOs] See Schedule 1 Global culture/behaviour [demonstration effect of good and bad practice]

    4. SCHEDULE 1: GOOD-PRACTICE, STATE-OF-THE-ART BENCHMARKS FOR SOCIAL POLICY Cooperation by donor agencies throughout all stages of programmes and projects Partnership with local stakeholders Widening of local stakeholder coverage and the creation of opportunities to work jointly with them, without requiring government “permission” The promotion of “local ownership” of the process Sector-wide approaches (SWAPS) Participatory methodologies to be followed throughout all stages from design to post-implementation evaluation

    5. SCHEDULE 1: GOOD-PRACTICE, STATE-OF-THE-ART BENCHMARKS FOR SOCIAL POLICY (CONT’D) Clear and precise targeting of beneficiaries, with the focus on their empowerment Improved coordination between economic and social ministries Stress on good governance and the soundness of social, political, and economic institutions The need to reconcile equity with growth and social reform with economic change Recognition of the interdependence of all elements of development

    6. Theoretical Issues in Designing SPFs Determining the Nature of the Social Welfare Regime (Paradigm) SWR Welfare Mix Welfare Outcomes Stratification Effects Typology of SWRs Liberal-conservative-social democratic Developmentalist-Universalist Developmentalist-Particularist Minimalist-Facilitative Components of Extended Welfare Mix in Caribbean-type Societies [Table 1]

    7. Table 1: Components of the Extended Welfare Mix

    8. SCHEDULE 2: CARIBBEAN WELFARE MIX: INSTITUTIONAL DOMAINS AND SOCIAL PROVISIONING

    9. SCHEDULE 3: MAJOR EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL PRESSURES ON CARIBBEAN SWR

    10. SCHEDULE 3: MAJOR EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL PRESSURES ON THE SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM (CONT’D)

    11. Eight Implications For SPF Construction in the Region Shift from handout/welfarism to building social capital/ investing in people Improved coordination of social institutions Focusing on the role of the core bread-winner Improved institutional capacity, flexibility and adaptability Firm legal basis for poverty programmes and social services delivery Strengthening social relationships and shared values (social cohesion and integration) Halt the retreat from redistribution concerns Reduce over-reliance on “Universalist” approach to social services delivery

    12. DESIGNING A SOCIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK: A. Structure [Definition/Description Premises The Overall Objective The Derived Strategic Objectives The Modalities for Operationalising Policies The Basic Concerns as Cross-Cutting Themes]

    13. B. Definition Social policy refers to: 1) those aims, objectives and declared intentions of a range of organizations in the public, private/business, civil sectors and international community that are intended to reduce poverty and to meet the needs of the population, both male and female, in order to improve their well-being or welfare, and to promote the development of the country; 2) the way these declared aims, objectives and intentions are translated into specific programmes and projects for change; and 3) the monitored outcomes of these programmes and projects (Thomas, 2001).

    14. C. Four Key Premises That the population of the region, both male and female, is seen as actors, owners, and initiators of social policy. Persons are expected therefore, to have (and demand) increasing agency over the development of society, economy, polity, and culture. More specifically, the population is not conceived as “objects” of social reform or purely “economic agents” operating in the market place. That because of the underlying economic, political, social, and cultural situation discussed earlier, it is premised that the necessity/imperative for social reform and change is a widely shared value among the population. More specifically, it is not conceived as the singular property of elites, whether political, social, or economic.

    15. That while social change can be measured in many ways; it is best measured by the nature and quality of the social relations, inter-connections, and shared values among the population. More specifically, sustainable social change is not conceived as being possible, if it is led from above in a top-down commandist structure of social relations and interconnections. That social development is treated as a “public good”, in that, it is part the “commons” or common heritage of all citizens and therefore, the responsibility for its provision is collectively shared by all members of society.

    16. D. Identifying the Overall Objective The creation of more secure and functional social relations (or as it is also termed social capital); these relations (social capital) would enlarge the capability of the population, both men and women, (and in particular the poor and vulnerable groups) in meeting their own needs and interests through effective participation in the activities of the four central institutions of society: state, market, community, and household. (Thomas 2003)

    17. E. The Derived Strategic Objectives Development Objective Social Protection/Welfare Objective

    18. F. Nine Goals of the Development Objective The goals focus on investment in peoples and communities. They avoid large-scale transfers of primarily a primary social protection type: “poverty eradication; building social capital; securing family/household relations; gender equity; participation/empowerment; institutional sustainability; environmental sustainability; international competitiveness; and macroeconomic stability and balance.” (Thomas 2003)

    19. G. The Social Protection/Welfare Objective Capability/resources Social Risk-based Rights-based

    20. H. Basic Concerns/Cross-Cutting Themes Empowerment (investment in human capital) Livelihood Security (social protection/ compensation) Social Services Provision (social integration policies)

    21. J. CONCLUSION

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