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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Explore the hierarchy of the human body, from subatomic particles to organs and organ systems. Learn about cells, tissues, body cavities, and genetic disorders. Discover essential medical terminology and word parts.

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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

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  1. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY HUMAN BODY ORIENTATION

  2. ANATOMY • MORPHOLOGY

  3. PHYSIOLOGY • FUNCTION

  4. MOLECULAR HIERARCHY • SUBATOMIC • Electrons • Neutrons • Protons • ATOM • MOLECULE

  5. HEIRARCHY CONT. • MACROMOLECULES • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Nucleic acids

  6. HIERARCHY CONT. • CELL (CYTOLOGY; CELL BIOLOGY) • NUCLEUS • CELL MEMBRANE (plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer) • CYTOPLASM (cytosol) • MITOCHONDRIA (cellular respiration; conversion of glucose to carbon dioxide and water and ATP)

  7. HIERARCHY CONT. • CELL • LYSOSOME (digestive enzymes) • PEROXISOMES (detoxification, especially alcohol) • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • SMOOTH ER (synthesis of lipids, detox, drug tolerance) • ROUGH ER (protein assembly) • GOLGI APPARATUS (post-translational modification)

  8. Hierarchy cont • CELL • NUCLEUS (in eukaryotes, protects genetic info) • FLAGELLA AND CILIA (cell movement; 9=2 array)

  9. HIERARCHY CONT • TISSUE (HISTOLOGY) • EPITHELIAL (epithelium and endothelium, glands) • CONNECTIVE (dense connective like bone, adipose, loose connective like blood vessels, and blood and lymph) • MUSCLE (cardiac, smooth, skeletal) • NERVOUS (nerves, spinal cord, brain)

  10. HIERARCHY CONT • ORGANS (see Table 2.2) • ORGAN SYSTEMS • RESPIRATORY • NERVOUS • DIFESTIVE • CIRCULATORY • ALL LEADS TO HUMA ORGANISM

  11. ANATOMY • BODY PLANES • VERTICAL (rt angle to horizon) • MIDSAGITTAL – vertical, rt and left halves • SAGITTAL – unequal left and right portions • CORONAL- divides into anterior and posterior

  12. ANATOMY • BODY DIRECTIONS • ANTERIOR/VENTRAL • POSTERIOR/DORSAL • SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR • CEPHALIC AND CAUDAL • PROXIMAL AND DISTAL • MEDIAL AND LATERAL

  13. BODY CAVITIES • DORSAL (cranial and spinal) • VENTRAL • Thoracic- ends at diaphragm • Abdominal • Pelvic- mainly reproduction and excretion • abdominopelvic

  14. Abdominal divisions • Right upper • Left upper • Right lower • Left lower

  15. ABDOMEN AND THORAX REGIONS • RT AND LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC • EPIGASTRIC • RT AND LEFT LUMBAR • UMBILICAL • RT AND LEFT ILIAC • HYPOGASTRIC

  16. PERITONEUM

  17. PERITONEUM • Membrane • Parietal – outer • Visceral – inner • Mesentery • Retroperitoneal • Ascites – fluid in peritoneum

  18. CYTOLOGY • DNA • GENES • MUTATION (somatic vs gametic) • Genetic disorders • Huntington’s disease • Cystic fibrosis • Hemophilia • Down syndrome

  19. GENETIC DISORDER CONT • Sickle cell anemia • Tay sachs • Phenylketouria • Genetic vs congenital • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Cerebral palsy

  20. WORD PARTS • OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

  21. PUTTING THEM TOGETHER • “o” IS COMMON COMBINING VOWEL • IF ENDS IN CONSONANT • IF COMBING TWO OR MORE ROOT WORDS • “o” NOT NEEDED IF SUFFIX BEGINS IN A VOWEL

  22. SIMPLE COMBING FORMS • PREFIXES • OFTEN DENOTE TIME, LOCATION OR STATUS • Pre-, peri-, post- • A-: without • Ab-:away from • Eu: good • Dys-:bad

  23. Prefixes cont. • Hyper-:above • Hypo-:below • Inter-:between • Intra-:within • Sub: below • Super- or supra-: beyond • Oligo-:few

  24. PREFIXES CONT. • BODY SYSTEMS • OSTEO- BONES • ARTHRO- JOINTS • CHONDRO- CARTILAGE • MYO – MUSCLES • CARDIO-HEART • PHLEB- VEINS • ARTERIO- ARTERIES

  25. BODY SYSTEMS PREFIXES • HEMA- OR HEMAT- BLOOD • SPLENO- SPLEEN • NAS-NOSE • PNUEMO-LUNGS • ORO-MOUTH • GASTRO-STOMACH • ENTERO-SMALL INTESTINE • COLO-LARGE INTESTINE

  26. BODY SYSTEM PREFIXES • HEPATO-LIVER • NEPHR- OR REN- KIDNEYS • CYST-, VESSICO- URINARY BLADDER • NEUR- NERVOUS SYSTEM • ENCEPHAL-BRAIN • MYELO-SPINAL CORD • OPTHAL, OR OCUL- EYES • OT-, ACOUST- EARS

  27. BODY SYSTEM PREFIXES • CUTAN-, DERMAT– SKIN • SEB- SEBACEOUS GLANDS • HIDR-SWEAT GLANDS • ORCH-TESTES • OOPHOR-, OVARI- OVARIES • HYSTER-, MET-, UTER- UTERUS

  28. SUFFIXES • Often indicate procedure, disorder, or disease • Ectomy : to remove • Tonsillectomy • ac: pertaining to • -itis: inflammation of • - osis: abnormal condition

  29. SUFFIXES CONT • - dynia, - algia: pain or suffering (cephalgia, gastrodynia • - malcia: abnormal softening (arteiomalacia) • - megaly: enlargement (hepatomegaly) • - necrosis: death (caessation necrosis – Tb) • - sclerosis: abnormal hardening (arteriosclerosis) • - stenosis: abnormal narrowing (pyloric stenosis)

  30. SUFFIXES CONT • PROCEDURES • - centesis: fluid removal (amniocentesis) • - ectomy: removal • - graphy, - gram: picture (arteriography, pyelogram) • - plasty: to repair (rhinoplasty) • - scopy: visual exam (colonoscopy, endoscopy)

  31. SUFFIXES • THE IMMPORTANT RR’S: • - rrhaphy: to suture (splenorrhaphy) • - rrhage: bursting forth (hemorrhage) • - rrhea: abnormal flow (diarrhea, amenorrhea) • - rrhexis: rupure (splenorrhexis)

  32. BASIC MEDICAL TERMS • EPIDEMIOLOGY • SYMPTOM = SUBJECTIVE • SIGN, CLINICAL MANIFESTATION = OBJECTIVE • DIAGNOSIS • Differential • Prognosis

  33. BASIC MEDICAL TERMS • DISEASE • CHRONIC VS ACUTE • SYNDROME = COMPILATION OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS • REMISSION – ABSENCE OF SYMPTOMS WITHOUT A CURE • EPIDEMIC VIS ENDEMIC, PANDEMIC • TRANSMISSION • INCUBATION PERIOD

  34. BASIC MEDICAL TERMS • INFECTIOUS DISEASE • COMMUNICABLE • IDIOPATHIC • NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION • IATROGENCI DISORDER

  35. CONFUSING WORD PARTS • ARTERIO- AND ATHERO- • ILEUM AND ILIUM • INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION • MUCOUS AND MUCUS • MYC-, MYEL-, AND MY- • -OSTOMY AND –OTOMY • PALPATION AND PALPITATION • PROSTATE AND PROSTRATE

  36. CONFUSING WORD PARTS CONT • SUPPINATION AND SUPPURATION • PYELO-, PYO-, AND PYRO- • TRIAGE AND TRAUMA • VIRAL AND VIRILE

  37. COLOR WORD PARTS • ERTYTH- RED (erythrocyte, erthroblastoma fetalis) • MELAN- WHITE (malignant melanoma, melanosis) • CYAN- BLUE (cyanosis, cyanotic) • LEUK-WHITE (leukocyte, leukemia) • POLI- GRAY (poliomyelitis) • 0

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