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Emissions by Household Type

Emissions by Household Type. Anne Jennings, Sean Lyons & Richard S.J. Tol Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Trinity College, Dublin. Introduction. Different households behave differently and thus exert different pressure on the environment

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Emissions by Household Type

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  1. Emissions by Household Type Anne Jennings, Sean Lyons & Richard S.J. Tol Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Trinity College, Dublin

  2. Introduction • Different households behave differently and thus exert different pressure on the environment • Part of that is random / due to unobserved characteristics, but there is also systematic variation with household type • Understanding these patterns helps to improve projections of future emissions and to assess the distributional implications of environmental policy

  3. Method and data: Direct emissions • Energy use by fuel from Household Budget Survey • Emission coefficients from SEAI or DEFRA • No correction for type, age, or state of equipment (as no data)

  4. Method: Indirect emissions • Standard input output model X = (I-A)-1y = Ly • Emissions M = RX = RLy • Decomposition of final demand y = y(1) + y(2) + … + y(n) • Decomposition of emissions M = M(1) + M(2) + … + M(n) = RLy(1) + RLy(2) + … + RLy(n)

  5. Data: Indirect emissions • Input-output tables: CSO • Emissions: ESRI (derived from CSO, EPA, SEAI) • Consumer demand by household type: CSO

  6. Household income

  7. Household size

  8. Household size and income

  9. Benzo(b)fluoranthene (air) Nitrogen oxides (air) Income Hexachlorobenzene (water) Volatile organic compounds (air)

  10. Volatile organic compounds (air) Nitrogen oxides (air) Size Dioxins (water) Polychlorinated biphenyl (land)

  11. Conclusions • We imputed direct and indirect emissions by household type • There are marked patterns in both direct and indirect emissions • Different patterns between direct and indirect emissions • Similar patters for different substances, but details can be very different • The impact of environmental policy is differentiated between households

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