Chapter 23 Review

1. Chapter 23 Review The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras

2. When there is no tectonic activity along the edge of a continent, the edge is referred to as a ____. • coastline • passive margin • transgression • regression

3. During the ____, all but one of the major marine phyla appeared. • Cambrian explosion • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Ouachita Orogeny

4. The series of transgressions and regressions that produce cyclothems were likely produced by ____. • tectonic collisions • volcanic activity • mass extinctions • glaciation

5. As North America rifted from Europe and Africa, a continuous rift system called the ____ was formed. • Gulf of Mexico • Cordillera • Mid-Atlantic Ridge • East African Rift Valley

6. The southernmost point to which glaciers advanced in North America is marked by the path(s) of the ____. • Ohio River and the Missouri River • Missouri River • Ohio River and the Mississippi River • Mississippi River

7. In order to categorize a margin as active or passive, you must have information about________. • the permeability of the margin rocks • the amount of tectonic activity along the margin • the depth of water that covers the margin • the rate of glacial movement along the margin

8. Which line on the graph shows the sea level change that would result in continuous shoreline regression? • A • B • C • D

9. Seed plants that lived during the Carboniferous impact life on Earth today because________. • they are the ancestors of all plant life on Earth • their remains formed coal, which is an important resource • they produced fossils that are used to date many geologic events • their presence caused oxygen levels to drop, allowing animals to evolve

10. A rapid appearance of many new species of organism’s usually • happens just before an extinction event • leads to an increase in glaciation • is directly related to a drop in sea level • happens after a mass extinction

11. This graph best represents the populations of marine groups before and after the • Cambrian explosion • Ordovician extinction • Permo-Triassic Extinction Event • Alleghenian Orogeny

12. If two continents of equal size were to collide and become one, how would the total area of continental shelf space associated with the landmass change? • it would be unchanged • it would triple • in would decrease • in would double

13. Which point on the timeline best indicates the time when birds first appeared? • A • B • C • D

14. The extinction event shown on the time line was • devastating to all land animals • the most severe extinction event in Earth’s history • mild compared to other extinction events • most likely caused by widespread disease

15. The shaded are of this graph could be used to represent • the portion of Earth’s land covered with ice at the peak of the Cenozoic ice ages • the portion of Earth’s land that was a part of Pangaea • the portion of Earth’s history during which humans have existed • the portion of Earth’s history during which tectonic forces acted on Earth’s surface

16. Series of islands that divided Laurentia in half from north to south • amniote egg • Transcontinental Arch • Caledonian Orogeny • Gondwana • mass extinction • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • reduction in continental shelf • regression

17. Movement of a shoreline seaward • amniote egg • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Gondwana • mass extinction • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • reduction in continental shelf • regression

18. Movement of a shoreline inland • amniote egg • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Gondwana • mass extinction • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • transgression • regression

19. The dying out of an unusually large number of species over a relatively short period • mass extinction • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Gondwana • Transcontinental Arch • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • reduction in continental shelf • regression

20. Large Paleozoic continent in the southern hemisphere • amniote egg • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Transcontinental Arch • Gondwana • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • reduction in continental shelf • regression

21. Collisional event that joined Gondwana and Laurasia • amniote egg • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Gondwana • mass extinction • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • reduction in continental shelf • regression

22. Contains fluid and food, and protects embryo • Transcontinental Arch • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Gondwana • mass extinction • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • reduction in continental shelf • amniote egg

23. One possible cause of the Permo-Triassic Extinction Event • amniote egg • Antler Orogeny • Caledonian Orogeny • Gondwana • reduction in continental shelf • Ouachita Orogeny • horsetail • Transcontinental Arch • regression

24. Ancient geographic setting of an area • Ancestral Rockies • Burgess Shale • cyclothem • paleogeography • passive margin • Taconic Orogeny

25. Continental edge with no tectonic activity • Ancestral Rockies • Burgess Shale • cyclothem • paleogeography • passive margin • Taconic Orogeny

26. Mountain-building event named for the mountains of eastern New York State • Ancestral Rockies • Burgess Shale • cyclothem • paleogeography • passive margin • Taconic Orogeny

27. Contains fossils of soft-bodied Cambrian organisms • Ancestral Rockies • Burgess Shale • cyclothem • paleogeography • passive margin • Taconic Orogeny

28. Repeating pattern of sedimentary sequences stacked on top of each other • Ancestral Rockies • Burgess Shale • cyclothem • paleogeography • passive margin • Taconic Orogeny

29. Mountain range in present-day Colorado formed by inland uplift • Ancestral Rockies • Burgess Shale • cyclothem • paleogeography • passive margin • Taconic Orogeny

30. Evaporite rocks are more permeable than reef rocks. • True • False

31. Sea level increases when the number and size of glaciers on Earth increase. • True • False

32. The Cambrian explosion refers to a rapid increase in volcanic activity. • True • False

33. Rate of subduction is one factor that distinguishes the three phases of the Cordilleran Orogeny. • True • False

34. Reptiles can reproduce on land, while amphibians need water to reproduce. • True • False

35. The Permo-Triassic extinction event had a greater impact on the number of Earth’s species than did the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. • True • False

36. The tectonic forces that shaped Earth’s continents no longer have any impact on Earth’s features. • True • False

37. Dinosaurs’ skeletons can be distinguished from those of other reptiles by the structure of the hips and legs. • True • False

38. Rock tossed into the atmosphere by a meteorite impact can cause greenhouse warming. • True • False

39. This timeline correctly shows the order of time periods in the Mesozoic Era. • True • False

40. At the beginning of the Paleozoic, the North American continent of Laurentia was located near the Arctic Circle and was surrounded by ocean. • True • False

41. During the Cambrian, Laurentia was completely surrounded by passive margins, thus, no mountain ranges were actively forming. • True • False

42. Amniote eggs evolved in lobe-finned fishes, allowing them to overcome their dependence on water. • True • False

43. The Taconic Mountains of eastern New York resulted from the Antler Orogeny. • True • False

44. The largest insects that ever lived were preserved in the ideal environment of sandy beaches. • True • False

45. The Great Permian Reef Complex is the remains of a fossilized barrier reef. • True • False

46. When Pangaea broke apart, the western margin of North America was characterized by a(n) decrease in deformation. • True • False

47. Volcanism returned to the western coast of North America at the end of the Eocene. • True • False

48. During the peak of Pleistocene glaciation, glaciers up to 10-km thick covered some areas of North America. • True • False

49. Throughout the Early and Middle Triassic, before Pangaea split apart, this supercontinent and two oceans defined Earth’s paleogeography. • True • False

50. The first mammals, birds, and flowering plants arose during the Cenozoic, which was a time of many biological firsts. • True • False