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Section 1.4

Section 1.4. The High Middle Ages: The Church. In times of stress, insecurity, where do people turn?. Church is Omnipresent. Act of Homage Monarchial Crowning Guilds had patron saint Cathedrals Referee at battles Served as the KYW of its time News, time, when to plant/harvest.

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Section 1.4

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  1. Section 1.4 The High Middle Ages: The Church

  2. In times of stress, insecurity, where do people turn?

  3. Church is Omnipresent • Act of Homage • Monarchial Crowning • Guilds had patron saint • Cathedrals • Referee at battles • Served as the KYW of its time • News, time, when to plant/harvest

  4. How does this work by Sassetta capture the medieval Weltanschauung?Vat’s a Weltanschauung, anyvay (oops)? Anyway…

  5. What was the Church like before 1000? • Fragmented and localized • Clergy uneducated, illiterate, semi-pagan • Corrupt clergy

  6. How did Gregory VII extend Papal power? • Called for more discipline in Church • Celibacy • Declared that Pope is supreme over Kings • Called for end of lay investiture • Henry IV of HRE • excommunicated

  7. How did Innocent III extend Church Power? • Forbade priests from officiating ordeals/battles • Relics controlled • Sacraments declared path to salvation • Transubstantiation declared legit

  8. How did the Church’s intellectual activity grow and contribute to Europe’s modernization? • Universities formed after 1200 • Thomas Aquinas • Saved works of the Ancients • Scholasticism • Note: It also held back modernization later

  9. The Crusades • Religious Wars • Pope Urban II (1095) • Reasons for calling them? • Jerusalem • Christian Unity (East and West) • Riffraff • Other?

  10. What impact did the Crusades have on Europe? • Power of pope and of Europe • Ultimately weakened Church (Children’s Crusade) • Exposed Europeans to a more advanced culture • Opened up trade with the East

  11. Europe (of 1300) is on the Threshold of the Modern Age • Competitive and innovative • Church and State are separate institutions • Urban centers growing • Parliamentary and judicial institutions promote codified law • Intellectuals willing to challenge old traditions

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