Understanding the Critical Lens

1. Understanding the Critical Lens Reader Response Feminist, Marxist, Psychoanalytical

2. The Benefits of Multiple Perspectives • • One of the views is likely to affirm your perspective and speak to what you see in the literature you are studying. • • Studying a view different from yours—not to disagree with it, but to understand it—helps you understand those who hold that view. • • Studying a work from more than one view gives you a deeper understanding of the author’s work and a better appreciation for the richness of it.

3. Reader Reader Response What does this critical lens ask you to think about? You do this while reading already! You just need to think about it!

4. Reader Response • At its most basic level, reader response criticism considers readers' reactions to literature as vital to interpreting the meaning of the text. However, reader-response criticism can take a number of different approaches. A critic deploying reader-response theory can use a psychoanalytic lens, a feminists lens, or even a Marxist lens. What these different lenses have in common when using a reader response approach is they maintain "...that what a text is cannot be separated from what it does" (Tyson 154). • http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/722/06/

5. Reader Response Beliefs • Tyson explains that "...reader-response theorists share two beliefs: • 1) that the role of the reader cannot be omitted from our understanding of literature and • 2) that readers do not passively consume the meaning presented to them by an objective literary text; rather they actively make the meaning they find in literature" (154).

6. Feminism Feminist Theory How do you look through the Feminist Lens?

7. The main areas of study and points of criticism in the Feminist Theory: • 1. differences between men and women in relationship to equality • 2. women in positions of power and power dynamics between men and women • 3. the female experience in relationship to the male

8. Examining “Cinderella” from a Feminist Perspective • • Consider the potentially misogynist theme of abused-girl-waiting-to-be-rescued-by-prince. • Men choose their princess based upon beauty and grace at a ball • • Consider the values conveyed in the portrayal of the “good girl” as physically beautiful and the “wicked girls” as physically ugly.

9. Marxism Marxist Theory What questions do you ask as you develop your thesis?

10. The main areas of study and points of criticism in the Marxist Theory: • • economic power • • materialism versus spirituality • • class conflict • • ideologies and values of the classes

11. Examining “Cinderella” from a Marxist Perspective • Consider Cinderella as a representative of the proletariat: • • oppressed by her bourgeoisie stepmother and stepsisters, who have stolen her rightful inheritance and turned her into a servant in her own home. • • desiring to join the ranks of the bourgeoisie by marrying the prince.

12. Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory What are the main points of interest and criticism when looking through the psychoanalytical lens?

13. The main areas of study and points of criticism in the Psychoanalytical Theory: • There are strong Oedipal connotations in Freudian theory: • • the son’s desire for his mother • • the father’s envy of the son and rivalry for the mother’s attention • • the daughter’s desire for her father • • the mother’s envy of the daughter and rivalry for the father’s attention.

14. Examining “Cinderella” from a Psychoanalytic Perspective • • Consider Cinderella as a representative of the id —expressing desire. • • Consider the stepmother and stepsisters as representatives of the superego—preventing the id from fulfilling its desire. • • Consider the fairy godmother and the prince as representatives of the ego—negotiating between the id and the superego and allowing the desires of the id to be fulfilled in a socially acceptable manner.

15. Adapted from • Adapted from http://www.prestwickhouse.com/PDF/SAMPLE/307234.pdf