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The Black Death, which struck Europe in the 1350s, decimated at least 40% of the population. It was primarily caused by the Bubonic Plague, transmitted by rats, which was later followed by the Pneumonic Plague, spread through airborne particles from coughing. Towns and ports suffered the most, affecting all social classes. Symptoms included extreme fatigue, fever, buboes, and in severe cases, coughing up blood. Misattributed causes included divine punishment, scapegoating of Jews, astrology, and miasma theory. Treatments ranged from prayer to herbal remedies.
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Facts • In the 1350’s • Killed at least 40% of the population • Bubonic Plague: carried by rats from Europe • Followed by a second disease the Pneumonic Plague, spread in the air by coughing. • Towns and ports were worst hit • Everyone caught it, rich and poor.
Symptoms • Bubonic plague: cold and tired, followed by buboes found in the armpits and groin. Blisters all over the body and then sever head aches and high fever followed by unconsciousness and death. • Pneumonic Plague: Coughing up blood and then death within a few days
What they though the causes were • God was punishing people for their sins • Minority group; Jews in Germany were blamed for poisoning the water • Astrology: the alignment of the planets • Dirt and Miasma • Imbalance of the four humors
Treatments • Prayer and processions and offerings in church • Galen’s treatment of the opposites • Home remedies: herbs, minerals and animal parts
