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CASDA Second Annual Rural Summit January 11, 2013

CASDA Second Annual Rural Summit January 11, 2013. Dr. Bruce Fraser Executive Director NY State Rural Schools Association btf27@cornell.edu 607-255-8056. Overview of Presentation. Introduction Academics & Demographics State Aid—A Fair Share/Shared Fairly

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CASDA Second Annual Rural Summit January 11, 2013

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  1. CASDA Second Annual Rural SummitJanuary 11, 2013 Dr. Bruce Fraser Executive Director NY State Rural Schools Association btf27@cornell.edu 607-255-8056

  2. Overview of Presentation • Introduction • Academics & Demographics • State Aid—A Fair Share/Shared Fairly • Problems with Tax Cap/Voting Patterns • Consolidation/Reorganization Concerns • Recent Developments and Keys to Effective Advocacy

  3. Why Rural Matters? • Approximately one in eight New York State public school students attend school in a rural district (based upon Federal Census designations). • New York State has the 8th largest population of rural students of our nation’s fifty states.

  4. RSA Membership: 2012-13 Reflects 258 districts, or 39% of New York’s 675 operating school districts. Member districts enrollment is 289,489 or 11% of the State’s public school enrollment. On average, RSA member districts are among the lowest spending districts in the state. This is notable as it is achieved without benefitting from economies of scale.

  5. RSA Current Priorities The RSA had been involved in many types of consulting services on behalf of member districts. At the November 2011 retreat our Board of Directors indicated our focus needed to shift to legislative advocacy (lobbying). Our focus has been upon upstate Senators. We believe we made progress last year.

  6. Think About This… • According to a report just published in The Lancet, obesity is now more of a factor in global disease and mortality than malnourishment… In 1990, according to the report, malnourishment ranked Number One as the cause of disease and the 11th cause of death worldwide. Now, though, malnourishment has dropped far down from first place to Number 8 as a disease factor and to 21st place as a cause of death. Obesity, meanwhile, has edged up from eighth place as a disease factor to sixth place.

  7. Rural Academics A Point of Pride

  8. High School Completion Group Completion Rate NY Rural 81.5% US Rural Schools 77.5% NY Total for State 73.5% US Total for Nation 75.5% Data Source: Why Rural Matters 2011 & NCES “Nation’s Report Card”

  9. Grade 4 NAEP MathNCES: 2008-09 Group Ave. Scale Score NY Rural Schools 245 US Rural Schools 240 NY Ave. for Entire State 241 US Total for Nation 239 NY Rural Ranked 5th (Behind Ma,MN,NH,NJ) Data Source: Why Rural Matters 2011 & NCES” Nation’s Report Card”

  10. NY Rural Schools: NAEP ResultsGrade 4 Reading:2008-09 Category:Scale Score New York Rural Schools 228 US Rural Schools 222 New York (All Districts) 224 US All Districts 220 NY Rural Ranked 5th (Behind CT,Ma,NH,NJ) Data Sources: “Why Rural Matters” and NCES National Report Card

  11. NY Rural Schools: NAEP ResultsGrade 8 Reading: 2008-09 Category:Scale Score New York Rural Schools 268 US Rural Schools 264 New York (All Districts) 264 US All Districts 262 NY Rural Ranked 5th (Behind Ma,MN,NH,NJ) Data Sources: “Why Rural Matters” and NCES National Report Card

  12. NY Rural Schools: NAEP ResultsGrade 8 Math: 2008-09 Category:Scale Score New York Rural Schools 291 US Rural Schools 284 New York (All Districts) 283 US All Districts 282 NY Rural Ranked 6th (Behind Ma,MT,NH,NJ,VT) Data Sources: “Why Rural Matters” and NCES National Report Card

  13. Rural Demographic Shifts Swimming Against the Current

  14. Increased Rural Poverty • Why Rural Matters 2003 listed Rural Students Living in Poverty at 10.9%. • Why Rural Matters 2011 lists Rural Students Living in Poverty at 30.7%. • The more recent poverty measure is based upon data that do not reflect the full impact of the current economic downturn.

  15. Increased Diversity • Why Rural Matters 2003 reported Rural Minority enrollment at 5.7%. • Why Rural Matters 2011 reported Rural Minority enrollment at 10.3%. • Hispanic enrollment in NY Rural Schools increased by 176.1% exceeding national growth rates for Hispanics (150.9%) over the same time period.

  16. State Support A Historically Fair Share: Shared Fairly

  17. Fair Share/Shared Fairly When looked at in two different ways NY State’s historical share of educational costs are declining. We are locked into an inequitable/inefficient distribution of state aid. Changes moving forward will only marginally improve funding equity. If we do not address the $20.5 Billion in state aid that is distributed through flawed formulas inequality of educational opportunities will continue to exist across the state.

  18. Total PK-12 Expend. Vs. State Aid and STAR (projected to 2013-14)

  19. First Concern: State Aid as aPer Cent of Total PK-12 Expend.

  20. Contrast: Response to CFE New York versus Vermont • New York—State share of total (state/local) K-12 costs continued to fall. • Vermont—State share rose from 30% range to 87% • Fiscal neutrality achieved-Critical for educational equity and to promote economic development across all regions • State now administers /collects non-residential property tax • Circuit breaker implemented for low income property owners

  21. 2nd Concern:PK-12 Support as Per Cent of State Budget % Total% State Sources 1990 23.28% 26.63% 2000 20.74% 26.46% 2010 20.45% 25.09% Data source: National Association of State Budget Officer’s Annual State Expenditure Reports

  22. 2nd Concern: PK-12 Support as Per Cent of State Budget Total BudgetState Sources 2009 21.48% 27.10% 2010 20.45% 25.09% 2011 20.73% 24.34% 2012 19.81% 23.11% Data source: National Association of State Budget Officer’s Annual State Expenditure Reports

  23. Four Year Trend:Total State Budget • Total Budget 2009 $121.5B • Total Budget 2012 $133.5B • Change +12B • Data source: National Association of State Budget Officer’s Annual State Expenditure Reports

  24. Four Year Trend:State Source Funds • Budget 2009 (State Sources) $83.1B • Budget 2012 (State Sources) $93.1B • Change +$10B • Data source: National Association of State Budget Officer’s Annual State Expenditure Reports

  25. Four Year Trend:State PK-12 Support (Dollars) • PK-12 Expenditure 2009 $22.5B • PK-12 Expenditure 2012 $21.5B • Change -$1B • Data source: National Association of State Budget Officer’s Annual State Expenditure Reports

  26. Four Year Trend:State PK-12 Support (Per Cent) • PK-12 Expenditure 2009 27.1% • PK-12 Expenditure 2012 23.1% • Change -4% • Data source: National Association of State Budget Officer’s Annual State Expenditure Reports

  27. Dr. Bruce Baker—Rutgers Univ.National School Finance Analysis Comparative Analysis of Fifty-One School Finance Systems… Adequacy—New York Ranked 4th. Regressivity vs. Progressivity—NY Ranked 44th.

  28. Baker’s Study: Published in 2010,but… Based upon 2008-09 data… 2008-09 was literally a “high water mark” for New York State School funding. Since then…Hit by GEA’s and then… Virtually locked in the current state aid status as NY enacted Local Property Tax Cap Legislation.

  29. 2013 RSA Legislative Position Paper “Eliminate, or lower, the .65 floor that exists when calculating the Income Wealth Index. Not utilizing a robust wealth measure that reflects the full range of wealth differences that exists among school districts undermines the equalizing impact of the Foundation Aid Formula.”

  30. RSA Member Districts: IWIDistributions Below .65 Dist. Total • Zero to .2993 3 • .30 to .399 6 9 • .40 to .499 62 71 • .50 to .599 68 140 • .60 to .649 28 168 • 168 districts represent 67.8% of RSA Members

  31. Suffolk County Superintendent’s Association • The Foundation Formula “didn’t work” for 72 out of 121 school districts on Long Island. Those districts received the 3% minimum increase in Foundation Aid because the other variables in the formula did not generate an increase.

  32. GEA’s Restorations2012-13 School Year

  33. Eom, Duncombe and Yinger—March 2011 “Property tax limitations have potentially serious equity implications because they tend to freeze in place existing disparities in spending across schooldistricts.”

  34. Property Tax Report Cards

  35. 2013 RSA LegislativePosition Paper “STAR is very regressive—favoring high wealth (primarily downstate) districts at the expense of low wealth, upstate school districts. As such, it is questionable why any upstate legislator would support STAR in its current form.”

  36. 2009-10: STAR vs. CWRPer Pupil Allocations CWR > 2.00 $1,225 (74) CWR 1.50-1.99 $1,912 (39) CWR 1.00-1.49 $1,590 (93) CWR 0.50-0.99 $1,311 (254) CWR 0.00-0.49 $965 (211) State Ave. $1,211 (671)

  37. 2009-10: STAR & CWR • Counties where per-pupil STAR allocation exceeds State Average by $300+ • Westchester $966 • Rockland $722 • Putnam $784 • Nassau $474

  38. STAR: Low Per Pupil • Counties where per pupil STAR aid is below state Average by $300+ • Essex -$304 • Franklin -$393 • Hamilton -$400 • Lewis -$467 • Jefferson -$733

  39. STAR’s Impact

  40. 2012-13 High Tax Aid:Comparative Analysis RecipientsNon-Recipient Districts 290 385 Ave. PPExp. $26,568 $19,310 Ave. PP HTA $344 Zero Av. Loc. Eff. 13.16$16.56 PPAV $1,530,080 $312,090 PPINC $199,827 $114,187

  41. Suffolk County SchoolsSuperintendent Assn. The need to direct nearly seventy percent (70%) of all High Tax aid to Long Island clearly indicates that the Foundation Formula is not responsive to regional indicators of need. The only reason that aid increases to Long Island schools have kept pace with statewide increases is because additional High Tax aid was provided. Flaws in the Foundation Formula must be addressed.

  42. Property Tax Cap: Impact on May 2012 Budget Voting Impact on District Budget Support (Passing Rates Statewide and RSA members). Passing Rates for Over -ride Districts? What triggers voter opposition?

  43. Local Levy Limit • Dr. Rick Timbs, of the Statewide School Finance Consortium, analyzed all NY district budgets and determined that, on aggregate they were $112M below local tax cap limits. • Dr. Timbs points out that this $112M can be made up only by (1) depleting reserves at a faster rate, or (2) deeper cuts in programs and staff.

  44. State Voting Results-% Passed May 2011 All Districts 93.5% May 2012 All Districts 96.5% May 2012 RSA Members 96.7% Note: 99% of Districts Proposing Budgets at, or below their local caps were supported by voters.

  45. Success Rates: Over-rides Statewide 53 Districts 64% (35) RSA Members 13 Districts 54% (7) Note: Of the 19 district who had over-rides fail eight received the support of more than 50% of voters. Also: Districts seeking over-rides saw turnout increase by 47% (from 2011). Yes votes were up 15% while no votes rose by 103% in these districts.

  46. Budgets at the Cap Fifty RSA members proposed budgets right at their local property tax cap. Forty-nine (98%) of these proposals passed. While districts attempting to over-ride saw a 103% increase in no votes when compared with May 2011, RSA members proposing over-rides saw “no votes” increase by 119%. Districts at their local levy limit had “no votes” decrease by 19% when compared with May 2011 results.

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