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Developing Inexpensive Design for Converting Biogas to Electricity

Developing Inexpensive Design for Converting Biogas to Electricity. Group 22 Sung Hoon Bae (BME) Daniel Rim (ChBE) Chris Zachara (ChBE) Advisor: Dr. David Owens Owen Graduate School of Management.

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Developing Inexpensive Design for Converting Biogas to Electricity

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  1. Developing Inexpensive Design for Converting Biogas to Electricity Group 22 Sung Hoon Bae (BME) Daniel Rim (ChBE) Chris Zachara (ChBE) Advisor: Dr. David OwensOwen Graduate School of Management Bae, Rim, Zachara http://www.bme.vanderbilt.edu/srdesign/2009/group22/ BME 273: Oral Report #2

  2. Problem Statement • Bangladesh • Large population/high poverty rate • Population: 162 Million – 7th • GDP (PPP): $1,500 per capita – 153rd http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Bangladesh_(orthographic_projection).svg

  3. Problem Statement • Only 30% electricity distribution (2002) • 25% in urban and 10% in rural (2000) • 79% of population in rural (1999) • Government efforts • 30% to 38% distribution from 2002-2008 • Slow progression

  4. Objective • Generate electricity • Household scale generator • “Reasonable” retail price • Sufficient output electricity • LED light http://image09.webshots.com/9/2/10/75/112721075ZEGbyv_fs.jpg http://www.odec.ca/projects/2007/sidd7g2/Images/appelectricty.gif http://www.ct.gov/opapd/lib/opapd/newsletter-pics/dollar2520squeezed.jpg

  5. Background: Biogas • Anaerobic digestion or fermentation • Biodegradable materials • Biomass, manure, sewage, and etc. • Composition • Methane: 50-70% • Carbon dioxide: 30-40% • Hydrogen: 5-10% • Nitrogen: 1-2% • Application • Electricity and heating

  6. Background: Why Biogas? • Clean Fuel • 80% less hydrocarbon and 60% less nitrogen oxides than diesel • Negligible concentrated particles or dust • Availability • Organic material – virtually unlimited • Animal waste, food waste, and etc. • 65% labor force in agriculture in Bangladesh

  7. Thermoelectrics • Phenomenon: temperature difference creates electric potential or vice versa • Materials: specially doped semiconductors, most commonly made from Bismuth Telluride • Current Uses: portable refrigeration, electronics cooling

  8. Advantages • Less Expensive than Turbine Technology • Utilize Low Grade Heat • Small • Silent • Reliable • No moving parts • No maintenance

  9. Challenges • TEG Only 10% Energy Efficient • Other design aspects will be very important • Significant Heat Gradient Needed • The “cold side” must be cooled • Cold side is just cm’s away from heat source

  10. Light-emitting diode (LED) 120V tungsten incandescent light bulb 60W: 850lm and 14.2lm/W 100W: 1700lm and 17.0lm/W 90% of power emitted as heat LED Energy efficient Long operating time: up to 50,000hours Current driven: ~20-30mA

  11. Materials: TEG (TEC) Product Model:CP2,31,06,L1,W4.5 Laird Technology 30mm x 30mm x 4.6mm Qmax = 29.3W (TH=25°C) Imax = 14.0 A (TH=25°C) Vmax = 3.5V (TH=25°C) ΔTmax =67°C Price = 23.42$ (http://www.mouser.com) http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/thermoelectric-modules-2/-series-peltier-solid-state-thermoelectric-coolers/pn-4059?&seo=110&bc=100|3001624|3001688|3001251

  12. Materials: LED Product Model:LED5 40-50DG WH (TheLEDLight.com) Emitted Color: White Luminous Intensity = 6000mcd max at IA=20mA Beam Angle = 40-50 degrees Continuous forward current = 30mA Forward voltage = 3.0-3.2V Price = 6$/6LEDs http://www.theledlight.com/5mmwhleds.html

  13. Materials: miscellaneous Heat sink Wires Resistors Others

  14. Circuit Schematic V ~ 3.5V R=10Ω TEG • Each resistor dissipates ~9mW • Each diode dissipates ~120mW • TEG generates 29.3W R=10Ω

  15. Summary of Current Status • Design • Brainstorming • Research • Materials • High performance • Low cost • Long durability • Consult • Two ME professors

  16. Future Work • Finalize design • Start ordering parts by this week (Jan 25-29) • Find a place to assemble and test the prototype

  17. Importance • Provide electricity in rural area with reasonable price for lighting • Prevent wasted resources (biogas) • May help with sanitization problem • Increase activity time at night • Can be distributed to other third world countries as well

  18. References • Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) (.PDF). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations. <http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf>. Retrieved 2009-03-12. • "Bangladesh". <International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=513&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=35&pr.y=9. Retrieved 2009-10-01>. • <http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/IDA/0,,contentMDK:21387765~menuPK:3266877~pagePK:51236175~piPK:437394~theSitePK:73154,00.html>. • <http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/national_energy_grid/bangladesh/index.shtml>. . • http://www.malmberg.se/module.asp?XModuleId=14085

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