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The critical importance of chill in dealing with climate change

Discover the key role of chilling in mitigating climate change effects on barley crops. Explore the benefits of fall-planted barley, efficient water use, and avoiding heat stress and diseases. Learn about genetic traits, such as vernalization sensitivity and short-day photoperiod sensitivity, that contribute to winter survival. Find out how to deploy new findings and prospect for more genes to adapt to changing climates. Maximize genetic diversity and take precautionary measures in agronomy and crop insurance for successful barley cultivation.

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The critical importance of chill in dealing with climate change

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  1. The critical importance of chill in dealing with climate change

  2. Overall warming plus volatility – high and low Chilling prospect

  3. Fall-planted barley and climate change Use incident precipitation and less irrigation Avoid heat stress and summer diseases ~25% higher yield

  4. Volatility and The lows

  5. Winter survival • Low temperature tolerance • Induced response: No chilling, no LTT • A vegetative state trait: Be chill • Vernalization sensitivity • Maintain a vegetative state trait until sufficient cold units received: chilling requirement • Old school insurance trashed by climate change: a premature vegetative to reproductive transition – the Big Chill

  6. Winter survival • Short day photoperiod sensitivity • Maintain a vegetative state trait until daylength > ~ 10 hrs: Be chill • Effective insurance against climate change-induced low temperature spikes

  7. The genes • Low temperature tolerance • FR-H1, FR-H2, FR-H3 • Vernalization sensitivity • VRN-H1, VRN-H2, VRN-H3 • Short day photoperiod sensitivity • PPD-H2

  8. Deploying the new finds Prospecting for more genes • TCAP-2,6-LTT • 882 • WS: 2 years worldwide • VS: Greenhouse • 9K genotypes • Allele-specific assays • AMBA-2-LTT • 382 • WS: 2 years USA • VS: Greenhouse • 50K genotypes • Allele-specific assays Best WS 2, 6 X 2-row malting Doubled haploids

  9. TCAP-LTT The finds: GWAS Winter survival Vernalization sensitivity

  10. TCAP-2,6-LTT The finds: Genetic diversity tree for WS top 5% I 61% VII 59% II 59% VI 65% III 58% V 62% IV 60%

  11. TCAP-2,6-LTT The finds: Alleles at key loci for top 5% for WS Facultative

  12. AMBA-2-LTT The finds: GWAS VRN-H2 PPD-H2 VRN-H1 Vernalization sensitivity – greenhouse Winter survival, 2018 - Ithaca, NY

  13. AMBA-2-LTT The finds: Genetic diversity tree for WS top 5% 93% 95% 96% 96% 95% 96% Full Pint 1% Thunder 65% DH130910 70%

  14. The facultative option Hard-wired for low temperature tolerance and short-day sensitivity No vernalization sensitivity • The option to fall-plant and/or spring-plant the same variety • Reduces risk • Maximizes opportunities • Streamlines seed production and end-use

  15. The facultative option Hard-wired for low temperature tolerance and short-day sensitivity No vernalization sensitivity • The option to fall-plant and/or spring-plant the same variety • Take precautionary measures to maximize genetic diversity, or else….the green bridge brigs on

  16. Genetics is an essential piece of the puzzle But don’t forget agronomy and crop insurance • Maximize residue on soil surface; deep furrows • Create micro-climate, trap snow, protect from wind • RMA is there

  17. Acknowledgements TCAP-2,6-LTT The network, Maria Munoz-Amatriain, and Dustin Herb, USDA-NIFA AMBA-2-LTT The network, Javier Vasquez Hernandez, AMBA, Sierra Nevada Brewing OSU Barley World Project Past and present

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