Interest Rate Evaluation

1. Interest Rate Evaluation Logan Miller and James Bello

2. Outline • Yield Curve • Normal, flat, inverted • History of the yield curve • European Crisis, Quantitative Easing • Current Environment • Fed action, outflow of bonds • Duration Strategy, Sector Strategy • Great Rotation/Outlook

3. Flat Yield Curve • Last seen 2006 - 2007 • Prior to this the economy was growing rapidly • Fed increase interest rates • Sign of transition and uncertainty

4. Inverted Yield Curve • Last seen 2006 – 2007 • Seen as an accurate predictor of recessions • Suggests a market belief that inflation will remain low • The lower bond yields are offset by lower expected inflation

5. Yield Curve 2007-2012

6. European Debt Crisis • 2009 investors begin to worry • 2010 • Greece requests bailout in April • Ireland bailed out in November • 2011 • Portuguese bailout • US debt downgraded to AA+ in August • 2012 • Spanish bailout in September

7. Yield Curve 2007-2012

8. Quantitative Easing • QE1 • Nov. 2008 Fed agrees to buy 600B MBS • March 2009 Fed announces more MBS purchases and 300B of treasuries • QE2 • Nov 2010 Fed begins buying 75B/month long term paper • Sept 2011 buy 400B of bonds with 6 – 30 yr maturity while selling bonds with < 3yr maturity • Program lasted through 2012 • QE3 • Sept 2012 Fed announces it will buy 40B of AMBS per month until labor market improves substantially • Dec 2012 Fed voted to continue AMBS buying plus 45B of treasuries per month

9. Logan Miller and James Bello Current Environment

10. Logan Miller and James Bello Duration Plays • Bonds with lower duration will outperform bonds with higher duration in a rising rate environment • Higher coupon bonds • Lower maturity bonds • The opposite is typically true when rates are decreasing, as they have for the past few years

11. Logan Miller and James Bello FRNs Becoming Attractive • Bonds with coupons linked to Libor do well in a rising-rate environment • Coupons increase as rates go up; better for the investor • Short-term (FRNs) investments become attractive because they are considered less risky and have very low duration

12. Logan Miller and James Bello Sector Plays

13. Metals and Mining

14. Pipelines

15. The Great Rotation • Investors switching from fixed income to equities • Idea that fixed income is all risk and no return • Is it a real threat? • European debt crisis better • Fed eventually has to stop QE

16. The Great Rotation • Past several years cash has essentially yielded 0% • 1.3T has been moved out of money markets as a result • Investors moved into fixed income • Flight to quality • Interest keeps up with inflation • $810B retail dollars have flowed into fixed income since January 2008

17. Great Rotation • Rates are beginning to rise • Rates rise, Prices fall • Investors focus on not losing money • Investors have begun moving their cash back into money markets at the higher rates • Investors also have the option of moving cash to the front end of the curve • IG bonds are a proxy for cash • It is unlikely that people will move into stocks because it is a different risk bucket

18. Logan Miller and James Bello Outlook • Rates will continue to be volatile • Potential tightening until the Fed acts • Volatility may cause higher risk premiums • Long-term rates will widen as the economy gets better • Demand for shorter maturity bonds will be strong • The Fed will continue to buy assets longer than the market expect; unpredictable • The good is bad for bondholders