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The Neurology of Language

The Neurology of Language. Margarita López Vázquez. The Neurology of Language. Also known as Neurolinguistics Is the study of how the brain processes language Commonly observe the language of patients who have suffer brain damage. Anatomy of the nervous system.

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The Neurology of Language

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  1. The Neurology of Language Margarita LópezVázquez

  2. The Neurology of Language • Also known as Neurolinguistics • Is the study of how the brain processes language • Commonly observe the language of patients who have suffer brain damage.

  3. Anatomy of the nervous system • The part of the nervous system that is of primary interest to neurolinguists are: • The Central Nervous System • The spinal cord • The lower brain stem

  4. Anatomy of the nervous system • Lobes:

  5. Anatomy of the nervous system • Convolutions and Fissures: The cortex of the human brain has a wrinkled appearance. The indentations are called fissures or sulci, and the bulges are called Convolutions or gyri.

  6. Anatomy of the nervous system • Broca’s Area:During the early ninetieth century, scientists debates the question of whether different parts of the brain serve different mental functions. • Localizationists • Holists • Patients could comprehend speech but could not produce it.

  7. Anatomy of the nervous system • Wernicke’s Area: The German neurologist and psychiatrist Carl Wernicke (1848-1904) studied patients whose language disorders differs markedly from those described by Broca. • Patients could not comprehend speech but they could produce it.

  8. Hemispherical Specialization The hemisphere of a person’s brain that is primarily responsible for processing language.

  9. Hemispherical Specialization • Left-Hemisphere Dominance for Language: • 98% of the population is left dominant for language, and approximately 2% is right dominant. • Aphasia: Damage to the left hemisphere has been estimated to cause some from aphasia in approximately 70% of adults with brain damage. Damage to the right hemisphere cause an aphasic disturbance in only about 1% of adults with brain damage. • Hemispherectomies: Adults undergoing a left hemispherectomy (surgical removal of the left hemisphere) generally suffer a permanent loss of their ability to process language. Right hemispherectomies among adults are less likely to cause this result.

  10. Hemispherical Specialization • Left Brain Versus Right Brain: • Left Hemisphere: • Language • Temporal order perception • Calculation • Analysis • Right Hemisphere: • Nonlinguistic auditory processing • Visuospatial processing • Stereognosis • Synthesis

  11. Hemispherical Specialization • Handedness: A preference for using one hand as opposed to the other. An individual who is more handy with the right hand is called right-handed, and one who is more skilled with the left is said to be left-handed. A minority of people are equally skilled with both hands, and are termed ambidextrous.

  12. ThanksFor your Attention!!

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