
The Flat World and Education. How Our Re-Commitment to Equity Will Determine Our Nation’s Future. Fighting for the Right to Learn.
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Of all the civil rights for which the world has struggled and fought for 5000 years, the right to learn is undoubtedly the most fundamental.... The freedom to learn ... has been bought by bitter sacrifice. And whatever we may think of the curtailment of other civil rights, we should fight to the last ditch to keep open the right to learn…
-- W.E.B. DuBois (1949)
The 21st century context means new expectations:
Chris Wardlaw, "Mathematics in Hong Kong/China – Improving on Being First in PISA"
In current U.S. system:
70-75% graduate from high school
60% of graduates go on to college
40-50% of college entrants finish
About 30% of the age cohort gets a degree
Yet 70% of jobs involve “knowledge work” requiring specialized higher education
The U.S. is Falling Behind in Educational AttainmentApproximated by percentage of persons with ISCED3 qualfications in age groups 55-64, 45-55, 45-44 und 25-34 years
1
%
13
1
27
1. Excluding ISCED 3C short programmes 2. Year of reference 2004
3. Including some ISCED 3C short programmes 3. Year of reference 2003.
Science
Finland
Canada
Japan
New Zealand
Australia
Netherlands
Korea
Germany
United Kingdom
U.S. is # 21 / 30 OECD nations
#31 / 40 top nations
Math
Finland
Korea
Netherlands
Switzerland
Canada
Japan
New Zealand
Belgium
Australia
U.S. is #25 / 30 OECD nations
#35 / 40 top nations
30.0%
Mexico
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
UK
Italy
Spain
Japan
Austria
Poland
Ireland
Mexico
Greece
Belguim
France
Finalnd
Portugal
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Hungary
Germany
Switzerland
Netherlands
United States
Luxembourg
New Zealand
Czech Republic
22%
Nationwide, schools serving minority and low-income students have
Holding SES constant, minority and white students who have equally well-qualified teachers and comparable curriculum perform comparably in reading and mathematics.
Durchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik
High average performance
Large socio-economic disparities
High average performance
High social equity
Strong socio-economic impact on student performance
Socially equitable distribution of learning opportunities
Low average performance
Large socio-economic disparities
Low average performance
High social equity
15
Low science performance
And equity without excellence is not equity, it is tokenism and leads to a mediocrity that is good for no one's kids.
Equity means we push every one of our students to excellence and tell them in no uncertain terms: we will support you along the way, no matter who your parents are, where they may have been born...the color of you skin...where you live...how much money your parents make...the structure of your family...your prior academic performance...or even how long you have been in the district. You are ours and we will support you.”
-- Adam Urbanski
(Measuring outcomes means we don’t have to worry about inputs)
-- Preschool
-- Teacher Qualifications
-- Learning Materials and Curriculum Access
-- Facilities
What happens when the system is guided by attaching rewards and sanctions to current tests?
What are the results of testing without investing?
John 100
Sandra 90
Jorge 80
Maura 70
Jasella 60
Francisco 20
Ave. Score = 70
% meeting standard = 66%
2007
95
85
70
65
55
---
Ave. Score = 74
% meeting standard = 80%
Dilemmas of Test-Based Accountability: Rewards or Sanctions?1. What two gases make up most of the Earth's atmosphere?
2. Is a hamburger an example of stored energy? Explain why or why not.______________________________________________________________________
The 21st century context means new expectations:
Chris Wardlaw, "Mathematics in Hong Kong/China – Improving on Being First in PISA"
SINGAPORE SCIENCE PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT
As part of the Science Examination, Students must:
SINGAPORE EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT BOARD
29
3. When scientists design drugs against infectious agents, the term “designed drug” is often used.
A. Explain what is meant by this term. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scientists aim to develop a drug against a particular virus that infects humans. The virus has a protein coat and different parts of the coat play different roles in the infective cycle. Some sites assist in the attachment of the virus to a host cell; others are important in the release from a host cell. The structure is represented in the following diagram:
The virus reproduces by attaching itself to the
surface of a host cell and injecting its DNA into the host
cell. The viral DNA then uses the components of host cell
to reproduce its parts and hundreds of new viruses bud off
from the host cell. Ultimately the host cell dies.
B. Design a drug that will be effective against this virus. In your answer outline the important aspects you would need to consider. Outline how your drug would prevent continuation of the cycle of reproduction of the virus particle. Use diagrams in your answer. Space for diagrams is provided on the next page. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Before a drug is used on humans, it is usually tested on animals. In this case, the virus under investigation also infects mice.
C. Design an experiment, using mice, to test the effectiveness of the drug you have designed. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Focus on Test-Based Accountability--and the Achievement Gap--turns the public’s gaze away from the Opportunity Gap.
New Jersey Math Achievement Trends,
4th Grade NAEP
260
White, 255
250
White, 248
240
National Ave., 239
White, 239
White, 236
Hispanic, 234
Black, 232
230
National Ave., 226
Hispanic, 224
NAEP Scale Score
National Ave., 222
220
Black, 217
National Ave., 219
210
Hispanic, 206
Black, 204
Hispanic, 204
200
Black, 198
190
1992
1996
2003
2007
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Data Trends
What Happens When the Arguments Against Equity Finally Fall?-- Expert coaches
-- Teacher development for language-rich teaching
-- Bilingual classroom libraries
-- Focus on student work and authentic reading
Engagement & Success
-- Urban teacher & leader residencies & Grow Your Own Programs
-- Service scholarships to prepare & serve in high-need fields and locations
"On some positions, Cowardice asks the question,
'Is it safe?'
Expediency asks the question, 'Is it politic?'
And Vanity comes along and asks the question,
'Is it popular?'
But Conscience asks the question 'Is it right?'
And there comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular,
But he must do it because Conscience tells him
it is right."
-Martin Luther King, Jr., "Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution", March 31, 1968