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Earth's Beginnings: Geologic Time Chapters 13 & 14

Explore the journey of Earth's formation 4.6 billion years ago, theories of Earth science, the geologic time scale, extinctions, and the evolution of life through different eras. Learn about pivotal events such as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras and the current Cenozoic era.

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Earth's Beginnings: Geologic Time Chapters 13 & 14

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  1. Geologic Time Chapters: 13 &14 Your Host: Ms.Canterbury

  2. Earth’s Beginnings • 4.6 billion years ago • Collection of iron and gasses formed • Rotation of cloud caused planet to form • Settling of iron to core • Early atmosphere formed • Water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2) • Modern atmosphere Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (1%)

  3. Theories of Earth Science • Uniformitarianism- Hutton- Small changes over a very long time. “The present is the key to the past.” • Examples: • Catastrophism- Large changes over small periods of time. • Examples:

  4. Organic Evolution • Changes in the environment lead to changes in organisms • Natural Selection- Certain traits make living in an environment easier • Changes in Environment– Pangea moving→ climate → plants →animals

  5. Meteorites • Crater Map • Visual of crater • http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs49-98/index.html

  6. Geologic Time Scale • Record of Earth’s History • Eons- largest subdivision • Eras- major subdivision • Periods- Smallest divisions- made by types of life & geologic events.

  7. Geologic Time Scale Con’t • Epochs- smallest subdivision- • Only found in Cenozoic • Why??? • What is our Eon, Era, Period and Epoch now??

  8. Extinctions • Species dies no more living organisms • Cause each major divide in time scale • Dinosaurs- meteor, change in plants • Megaladon Extinction http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/evolution/megalodon_extinction.htm

  9. Pre- Cambrian Time(4.5 billion-544 million years ago) • Oldest and Longest Time Period • Almost 90% of Earth’s History • From beginning of Earth (4.6 billion years ago) to 540 Million years ago • The Earth was very different then • At first, there was no oxygen or living things • Then the first organisms appeared in the oceans 3.6 billion years ago • They were called Prokaryotes

  10. Pre-cambrian Time Con’t… • After another 1 billion years, more complex organisms developed • They were called Eukaryotes • Many cells with a nucleus • Evolved into organisms on Earth today

  11. Porportions of Geologic Time

  12. Pre-Cambrian Con’t… • Atmosphere develops oxygen • How? • Chemical reactions--- at least started process • Cyanobacteria • Earliest life • Small (microscopic) blue-green algae • Not even a plant yet • Stromatolites are their fossils • Mass Extinction- Most of life dies (planet changes)

  13. The Paleozoic Era

  14. Paleozoic Era(544-248 mya) ( The Phanerzoic Eon Begins!) • Paleo- (Latin) ancient; -zoic (Latin) animals/ life Many new life forms appeared during the 1st period, the Cambrian Period = “Cambrian Explosion” • For the first time on Earth, organisms had hard parts (shells, exoskeletons) http://www.trilobites.info/geotime.htm Some organisms that were alive during this period still exist today (ferns and salamanders) but they were giants! • Pangea formed • Plants begin to grow on land

  15. Paleozoic Con’t • Vertebrates(animals with backbones) appear • “Age of Fish” large fish populate oceans • Amphibians (frogs) go to land • Insects appear • Pennsylvanian Period- very large swamps which later become coal • Appalachian Mountains Form

  16. The largest mass extinction happened 248 million years ago • Marked the end of the Paleozoic Era and the start of the Mesozoic Era • Scientists are not sure what caused this mass extinction (maybe climate change & volcanoes) • 90% of ocean life and 78% of land life died Reptiles and amphibians survived!

  17. The MESOZOIC ERA

  18. Mesozoic Era(248-65 mya) • Meso- “middle” -zoic “animals/life” • Breakup of Pangea • Rapid movement of Earth’s plates • Age of Reptiles- dinosaurs and reptiles rule planet • Rocky Mountains form

  19. The Mesozoic Cont… • Surviving reptiles and amphibians evolved into many other species (like dinosaurs) = “Age of Reptiles”

  20. End of The MesoZOIC • Another MAJOR mass extinction happened 65 million years ago • Marked the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the Cenozoic Era • Scientists think an asteroid hit Earth, the dust clouds blocked out the sun, plants died, then herbivores, then carnivores.

  21. ANOTHER Mass Extinction ! • Scientists think an asteroid hit Earth, the dust clouds blocked out the sun, plants died, then herbivores, then carnivores. • All of the dinosaurs and half of the other animals & plants went extinct • 90% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct • Animals and plants change

  22. So begins… The Cenozoic Era(began about 65 mya-present) • Ceno- “new”; -zoic “life” • Tertiary & Quaternary(began 1.8 mya) • Age of Mammals- Humans evolve • Megladon lived • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Spo8vkrJFRo • Ice Ages occur • Flowering Plants • Expanding grasslands

  23. Cenozoic Era cont… • Colorado Plateau and Sierra Nevada Mountains formed • Many mountain ranges in North and South America & Europe began to form(Ex.Andes in South America, and the Alps in Europe) • India collided with Asia to form the Himalaya Montains.

  24. What epoch are we currently in? • http://www.decodedscience.com/anthropocene-global-epoc/686

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