Professional Scrum with Kanban level I PSK-I Exam Questions

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2. The safer , easier way to help you pass any IT exams. 1.Which of the following metrics will likely be reviewed by at the Daily Scrum for a Scrum Team using Kanban? (choose the best two answers) A. Work Age Item. B. Velocity. C. Cycle Time. D. Throughput. E. Work in Progress (WIP). F. Lead Time. Answer: A,E Explanation: The Daily Scrum takes place around the Kanban board and focuses on inspection of leading indicators (WIP, Work Age Item) to identify where flow is lacking and on what actions the Scrum Team can take to get it back from the event. 2.Which three statements best describe a Scrum Team's definition of "Workflow"? (choose the best 3 answers) A. It helps management track a work item's percentage of completeness. B. It provides a common understanding of when the Scrum Team considers work to be started and finished. C. It describes how value flows through the system. D. It creates transparency over policies related to Work in Progress (WIP) Limits. E. It is used as a check off list for state that each work item must go through before it is considered 'done'. F. It provides policies that create quality gateways between development handoff phases. Answer: B,C,D Explanation: The definition of "Workflow" represents the Scrum Team members’ explicit understanding of what their policies are for following the Kanban practices. This shared understanding improves transparency and enables self-organization and should include the following: Defined points at which the Scrum Team considers work to have started and to have finished. A definition of the work items – the individual units of value (stakeholder value, knowledge value, process improvement value) that are flowing through the Scrum Team’s system (most likely Product Backlog Items (PBIs)). A definition of the workflow states that the work items flow through from start to finish (of which there must be at least one active state). Explicit policies about how work flows through each state (which may include items from a Scrum Team’s definition of "Done" and pull policies between stages). Policies for limiting Work in Progress (WIP). 3.The definition of "Workflow" typically includes: (choose the best four answers) A. The active states for the work items. B. A shared understanding within the Scrum Team of how work is defined (work items). C. A definition of customer value. D. The start state of the process. E. The finished state of the process. 2 / 6

3. The safer , easier way to help you pass any IT exams. Answer: A,B,D,E Explanation: The following are aspects of the Definition of "Workflow" the Scrum Team might adopt: Visualization policies – for example, workflow states – either changing the actual workflow or bringing more transparency to an area in which the team wants to inspect and adapt. How-we-work policies – these can directly address an impediment. For example, adjusting WIP limits and SLEs, changing the batch size or how often items are pulled between states can have a dramatic impact. 4.How does Kanban support empiricism? (choose the best two answers) A. The Kanban board provides transparency that helps the Scrum Teams inspect and adapt their process. B. The Product Owner uses Kanban metrics to inspect the Throughput and adapt the Developers' Cycle Time accordingly. C. Kanban prescribes specific practices that reduces the need for empiricism. D. Kanban brings more rapid transparency about the product by enhancing and expanding the practices of Scrum. This enables a more effective inspection and adaptation loop. Answer: A,D Explanation: Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism. Key to empirical process control is the frequency of the transparency, inspection, and adaptation cycle - which we can also describe as the cycle time through the feedback loop. When Kanban practices are applied to Scrum, they provide a focus on improving the flow through the feedback loop; optimizing transparency and the frequency of inspection and adaptation for both the product and the process. 5.In the middle of a Sprint, a Product Owner has requested the Developers to add a new urgent item to their Sprint Backlog. The team is currently at their WIP Limit. Which would be the two most appropriate responses? (choose the two best answers) A. Reject the urgent item because the WIP Limits do not allow it. Tell the Product Owner to wait until the next Sprint. B. Add the urgent item to their Sprint Backlog but only start working on that new item when enough room frees up. C. Take on the urgent item as an exception to the WIP Limits, pushing this item along on top of the existing flow and note a WIP exception. D. Adjust the WIP Limits to allow for taking on the extra item and update their definition of Workflow. Answer: B,C Explanation: In case an item is pulled into the Sprint Backlog, the Developers need to figure out whether they can actually start it right away. This depends on the WIP limits and the current WIP. If the team is at their WIP limit they shouldn't pull in that new item until some room frees up. If their backlog items are pretty small, an empty WIP slot will free up pretty quickly. If items are big, it can take a while. The longer it might take to get a normal pull slot ready, the more pressure there might be to actually expedite this card, going beyond the current WIP limits, and pushing this item along on top of the existing flow. The typical way to do this is NOT to change the WIP limit definition but to go above WIP and note a WIP exception. These exceptions can then be a topic for inspection and adaptation come time to 3 / 6

4. The safer , easier way to help you pass any IT exams. retrospect. 6.Which of these are LEAST likely to be included in the definition of "Workflow" policies? (choose the best three answers) A. Definition of Done. B. Work Item types. C. Pull/prioritization policies. D. A Gantt chart. E. Service Level Expectations. F. The Increment. G. A Burndown chart. H. Visualization policies. I. WIP Limits. Answer: D,F,G Explanation: The definition of "Workflow" includes a shared understanding within the Scrum Team of how work is defined (work items), the start state of the process, the active states for the work items, and the finished state of the process. This includes a description of: Defined points at which the Scrum Team considers work to have started and to have finished. A definition of the individual units of customer value that are flowing through the Scrum Team's system (most likely Product Backlog Items (PBIs). A definition of the workflow states that the PBIs flow through from start to finish (of which there must be at least one active state). Explicit policies about how work flows through each state (which may include items from a Scrum Team's definition of "Done" and pull policies between stages). A definition of how Work in Progress (WIP) will be limited. A set Service Level Expectation (SLE) that communicates a forecast of how long it should take to complete work items. This definition of "Workflow" is a strategic level whereas specific tools and artifacts are tactical and executional level. 7.True or False: Batch size is the same as the Sprint length when using Scrum with Kanban. A. True B. False Answer: B Explanation: Each activity in the Scrum Team’s Definition of Workflow can have its own batch size. For example, the team might deploy each Product Backlog item and then their deployment batch size would be 1, not the Sprint length. 8.True or False: Scrum with Kanban only allows you to release at the end of the Sprint. A. True B. False 4 / 6

5. The safer , easier way to help you pass any IT exams. Answer: B Explanation: Scrum allows you to release as frequently as you can create a product Increment. Scrum with Kanban emphasizes this direction/vision even more. 9.Who is accountable for the Definition of Workflow for the Sprint Backlog? (Choose the best answer) A. The Developers. B. The Product Owner. C. The Scrum Team. D. The Scrum Master. Answer: A Explanation: As the Developers have autonomy to determine how they turn the Sprint Backlog into an Increment, the Developers have the final say on the Definition of Workflow within the Sprint. 10.True or False: In a flow-based system, the number of tasks is not necessarily limited, rather the amount of value-generating work items is limited. A. True B. False Answer: A Explanation: Even though multiple tasks are completed, none of them has created something of value for the customer. Our goal when improving flow is to tighten the feedback/value loop - so we apply flow improvement techniques such as limiting WIP to the valuable items - the Product Backlog items. 11.Little's Law is extremely valuable for directly predicting the future since it gives us a measure of what happened in the past? (Choose the best answer) A. True - By understanding our Cycle Time we can use Little’s Law to reduce our WIP limits. B. False - Relying only on your Cycle Time measurements may incorrectly influence you to cut your WIP limits. Answer: B Explanation: Little’s law cannot predict the future. For example, the effect of reducing WIP limits cannot be predicted - it depends on whether the Scrum Team can achieve effective flow with lower WIP limits. 12.True or False: When it comes to using Kanban for the Sprint Backlog, the Developers own the way they work as well as their Definition of "their" Workflow. A. True B. False Answer: A Explanation: The accountabilities/responsibilities defined by the Scrum Guide still apply when adding the Kanban practices. 5 / 6

6. The safer , easier way to help you pass any IT exams. 13.True or False: Cycle Time is a lagging indicator. A. True B. False Answer: A Explanation: You can only measure Cycle Time by looking at historical data. It is an indicator and point of reference but should be used carefully when creating a forecast. 14.The team needs to work on a high priority urgent unplanned item, but they are at their WIP limit. True or False: They should change the WIP limit at their Daily Scrum to enable them to pull in that item. B. True C. False Answer: C Explanation: If they do decide to pull in that item, it is a better approach to exceed the WIP limit as an exception and mark that exception than to adjust "the rules". 15.True or False: The purpose of a Scrum Team's Service Level Expectation (SLE) is to allow teams to give each Product Backlog item a commitment to a due date as part of Sprint Planning. A. True B. False Answer: B Explanation: The SLE is primarily an internal metric to help you inspect and adapt. However, the SLE CAN be used in Sprint Planning to provide the Product Owner and stakeholders with an idea of the service level that can be expected from the team. That does not include providing a specific date for each PBI in the SBL. The SLE enables the Scrum Team to forecast a finished date at a certain confidence level once the item has been started. 16.True or False: The WIP Limit can only be changed during the Sprint Retrospective. A. True B. False Answer: B Explanation: While the Sprint Retrospective is indeed the recommended time to inspect and adapt the Workflow, any Workflow policy, including WIP limits, can be changed at any point. There are not many reasons to change WIP limits throughout the Sprint though. Changing WIP should be a process improvement strategy rather than a tactical way to deal with ongoing daily impediments. Learn more by reading this blog post. 6 / 6