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研究 范式和研究 方法介绍

研究 范式和研究 方法介绍. 张鹏翼. 2012 年 4 月 4 日. 研究 方法和范式. Framework for choosing research methods Research Paradigms Inductive and Deductive Research Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods. 研究范式决定研究方法. 研究范式 (Creswell, 2003) Positivist / Post-positivist 实证／ 后实证主义

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研究 范式和研究 方法介绍

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  1. 研究范式和研究方法介绍 张鹏翼 2012年4月4日

  2. 研究方法和范式 • Framework for choosing research methods • Research Paradigms • Inductive and Deductive Research • Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods

  3. 研究范式决定研究方法 • 研究范式(Creswell, 2003) • Positivist / Post-positivist 实证／后实证主义 • Constructivist / Deconstructionist 建构主义 • Advocacy / Participatory 参与／主张 • Pragmatic 实用主义

  4. 实证／后实证主义 • Thinkers • Popper波普尔, Newton牛顿, Stanley • Key Points • 存在唯一的客观现实，客观现实可以被建模 • 研究者不能“证实”一个理论或其他因果命题，但是可以通过消除其他解释来增强这一理论 • 对于同一套数据可以用不同的理论来解释 • 观察中内含着理论、研究过程中的主观因素，但是坚持客观性仍然是研究的努力方向，研究者应该尽可能地保持中立 • 某些严格的科学方法的要求并不适合于社会科学研究，因此提出准实验研究

  5. 建构主义／解析主义 • Thinkers • Vygotsky维果斯基, Piaget皮亚杰, Lincoln & Guba • Key Points • 现实／知识是被构建的 • Socially – Vygotsky • Individually -- Piaget • 现实／知识是主观的 • 现实／知识在一定的情境／context中成立

  6. 参与／主张 • Thinkers • Marx, Habermas, Freire, Kemmis & Wilkinson • Key Points • Reality/meaning is socially constructed • Research is intertwined with politics and political agendas • Addresses issues of empowerment, voice to the marginalized, oppression... • Tends to be qualitative • Types • Feminist perspective • Queer theory • Disability inquiry • Racialized discourse • Critical Theory

  7. 实用主义 • Thinkers – Pierce, James, Mead, and Dewey • Key Points • Researches are not tied to a particular philosophical world view (knowledge claim) • Researchers are free to choose the methodology (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods) that appears to address the problem at hand. • Practical problem solving oriented • Tends to utilize a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach

  8. Inductive／Deductive

  9. 定性研究 • Traditions • Ethnographies – longitudinal study of intact culture in natural setting. • Grounded Theory – Abstract from views of participants. • Case Studies – In-depth study of a individuals, an event, or a process. • Narrative Research – Collects stories of individuals.

  10. 定量研究 • Key Concepts • Experimental designs • Non-experimental Designs – e.g. surveys • Scientific Method • Empiricism • Claims Objectivity • Most often used by post positivists.

  11. 混合方法 • Types • Sequential – Qualitative to quantitative or quantitative to qualitative. • Concurrent – Integrate qualitative and quantitative methods and data. • Transformative – Theory driven choices in data collection techniques.

  12. THANK YOU

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