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Integrated Utilities Control: Mastering Operating Systems

Explore how operating systems manage hardware operations and storage through a collection of utilities. Learn about file structures, user rights, and GUI representations in UNIX, DOS, and Windows systems.

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Integrated Utilities Control: Mastering Operating Systems

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  1. Operating Systems • An integrated collection of utilities… • …that manage the operations of the hardware and maintain information storage and retrieval • OS contains the “rules” of machine operation… • …based on the architecture of the processor(CISC (pentium, power-pc), RISC (alpha, sparc, 680x0)

  2. Components (must be resident in memory): • Supervisor = monitor, controlling unit • Coordinates all activities of the OS • Activates utilities as needed for functionality • Utilities = collection of sub-programs • I/O handling, user interface, scheduling, interrupt handling, memory management, program loading/unloading, foreground/background control, compression, paging, status…

  3. Tree structures • Multi-user operating system • (UNIX) • Single-user operating system • (DOS) • (Windows) GUI representation of a “network-aware” environment

  4. Multi-user structure (UNIX) • User sees a subset of the file structure • Administrator must protect the system files • User must protect own files (file rights) _____________ / [root]___________________________________ | | | | | /bin /home /usr /etc /unix |--|--|--|--|--|--| |--|--|--| |---|-| |---|---| |---|---| cat vi who ls /a …/z /bin passwd |----------|-----------| /acmt0001 /andj0001 …/others…[home – “root” to user] | | /homepage /homepage index.html index.html

  5. Single-user structure (DOS) • View only one logical drive at a time • Logical drive represents the root • System files are accessible to user C: \ [root of logical drive] | | -DOS | -FORMAT.COM | -XCOPY.EXE | -MYFILES | -MYDOC.DOC | AUTOEXEC.BAT | CONFIG.SYS | COMMAND.COM

  6. GUI representation (Windows) • Combines DOS structure with a global view • Includes hardware and logical world Desktop [user centric view of the world] | -MyComputer [computer centric view] | | +A:\ [root of logical drive] (floppy) | | +C:\ [root of logical drive] | | -DOS | | -Windows | | +D:\ [root of logical drive] | | +E: \[root of logical drive] (CD-ROM) | | -[printers] | | -[control panel] | | -[web pages] |-Network Neighborhood [peers] |-recycle bin |-myBriefcase

  7. UNIX file rights - chmod • Set rights for: ugo (user, group, others) • Set access: rwx (read, write, execute) • home directory by default = drwxr-xr-x • remove read/write/exec for group and otherschmod go-rwx • make sure web pages are visible in /homepage chmod go+rx homepage

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