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Chapter Three

Chapter Three. Linux Installation and Usage. Objectives. Install Linux Red Hat 7.2 using good practices Outline the structure of the Linux interface Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation Properly shut down the Linux operating system. Installing Linux.

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Chapter Three

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  1. Chapter Three Linux Installation and Usage

  2. Objectives • Install Linux Red Hat 7.2 using good practices • Outline the structure of the Linux interface • Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation • Properly shut down the Linux operating system

  3. Installing Linux • Installation methods • Installation from an FTP server across the network • Installation from an HTTP Web server across the network • Installation from an NFS server across the network • Installation from packages located on the hard disk

  4. Creating Boot Disks • Boot disk • Bootable floppy disk that can be used to start a Linux system or initiate a Linux installation • Rawrite • Windows utility that can be used to create installation boot disks

  5. Creating Boot Disks • boot.img • Used to create a floppy disk for a CD-ROM or hard disk installation • bootnet.img • Used to create a floppy disk for an installation from a server across the network • pcmcia.img • Used to create a floppy disk for an installation on portable laptop computers

  6. Starting the Installation Figure 3-1: Beginning a Red Hat installation

  7. Starting the Installation • By far, the largest problem during installation is initiating a graphical installation • Framebuffers • Abstract representations of video adapter card hardware that programs may use instead of directly communicating with the video adapter card hardware

  8. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and Mouse Figure 3-2: Selecting an installation language

  9. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and Mouse Figure 3-3: Verifying keyboard configuration

  10. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and Mouse Figure 3-4: Verifying mouse configuration

  11. Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and Mouse Figure 3-5: Welcome screen

  12. Providing Installation Options Figure 3-6: Choosing installation options

  13. Partitioning the Hard Disk Figure 3-7: Choosing a partitioning method

  14. Partitioning the Hard Disk • Virtual memory • Also known as swap memory • Consists of an area on the hard disk that can be used to store information that would normally reside in physical memory, if the physical memory is being used excessively

  15. Partitioning the Hard Disk Table 3-1: Common Linux filesystems and sizes

  16. Partitioning the Hard Disk • Each of the filesystems described in Table 3-1 may be of different types • The most common types used today are: • Ext2 • Ext3 • Vfat • REISER

  17. Partitioning the Hard Disk • Journaling filesystem • Keeps track of the information written to the hard drive in a journal • Disk Druid • Easy-to-use graphical partitioning program • Using Disk Druid, you can delete existing partitions, create and edit new ones, or even create a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)

  18. Partitioning the Hard Disk Figure 3-8: Disk Druid

  19. Partitioning the Hard Disk Figure 3-9: Adding a partition

  20. Partitioning the Hard Disk Figure 3-10: Formatting partitions

  21. Partitioning the Hard Disk Figure 3-11: The fdisk utility

  22. Configuring the Boot Loader • Boot loader • Program started by the BIOS ROM after POST, which loads the Linux kernel into memory from a hard disk partition inside the computer but can also boot other operating systems if they exist on the hard drive • There are two available boot loaders that one may choose during the Red Hat Linux installation: • LInux LOader (LILO) • GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)

  23. Configuring the Boot Loader • Large Block Addressing 32-bit (LBA32) • Parameter that may be specified that enables Large Block Addressing in a boot loader • Required only if a large hard disk that is not fully supported by the system BIOS is used

  24. Configuring the Boot Loader Figure 3-12: Configuring the boot loader

  25. Configuring the Network and Firewall Figure 3-13: Configuring the network

  26. Configuring the Network and Firewall Figure 3-14: Configuring a firewall

  27. Choosing a System Language and Time Zone Figure 3-15: Configuring a language support

  28. Choosing a System Language and Time Zone Figure 3-16: Selecting a time zone

  29. Creating User Accounts and Configuring Authentication Figure 3-17: Configuring the root password

  30. Creating User Accounts and Configuring Authentication Figure 3-18: Configuring a regular user account

  31. Creating User Accounts and Configuring Authentication Figure 3-19: Configuring the type of authentication

  32. Selecting Packages Figure 3-20: Selecting packages to install

  33. Selecting Packages Figure 3-21: Refining individual package selection

  34. Configuring the Video Hardware Figure 3-22: Verifying video hardware

  35. Installing Packages and Creating Boot Disks Figure 3-23: Copying packages to the hard disk

  36. Installing Packages and Creating Boot Disks Figure 3-24: Creating a boot disk

  37. Selecting Monitor and X Windows Settings Figure 3-25: Choosing a monitor

  38. Selecting Monitor and X Windows Settings Figure 3-26: Configuring X Windows

  39. Selecting Monitor and X Windows Settings Figure 3-27: Completing the installation

  40. Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel • Terminal • Channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface • Shell • User interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing • Shell used by default in Linux is the BASH Shell (Bourne Again Shell)

  41. Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel Figure 3-28: Shells, terminals, and the kernel

  42. Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel Figure 3-29: The gdm (GNOME Display Manager)

  43. Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel Table 3-2: Common Linux terminals

  44. Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel Figure 3-30: A GNOME terminal

  45. Shells, Terminals, and the Kernel Figure 3-31: A KDE terminal

  46. Basic Shell Commands • Commands • Indicate name of the program to execute and are case sensitive • Options • Specific letters starting with a dash “-” and appearing after command name to alter way the command works • Arguments • Specify the parameters that the command works upon, which are not predetermined by the person who developed the command

  47. Basic Shell Commands Table 3-3: Some Common Linux commands

  48. Shell Metacharacters • Metacharacters • Key combinations that have special meaning in the Linux OS • One of the most commonly used metacharacters is the $ character

  49. Shell Metacharacters Table 3-4: Common BASH Shell metacharacters

  50. Getting Command Help • Most distributions of Linux contain more than 1000 different Linux commands in common configurations • Manual pages • Commonly referred to as man pages • The most common set of local command syntax documentation, available by typing the man command-line utility

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