1 / 22

Foot and Ankle Injuries

Foot and Ankle Injuries. Ankle Sprains. Most common lower leg injury Classified as to degree of ligamentous severity. Lateral ankle sprain . Mechanism: Inversion and plantar flexion Anterior talofibular ligament (ATF) usually first structure to injury

evelia
Download Presentation

Foot and Ankle Injuries

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Foot and Ankle Injuries

  2. Ankle Sprains • Most common lower leg injury • Classified as to degree of ligamentous severity

  3. Lateral ankle sprain • Mechanism: • Inversion and plantar flexion • Anterior talofibular ligament (ATF) usually first structure to injury • Calcaneofibular ligament (CF) is usually secondary • Posterior talofibular ligament (PTF) rarely injured

  4. Lateral ankle sprain • Signs/Symptoms: • Obvious mech. of injury • Report of “popping” or “tearing” of tissue • Rapid swelling and point tenderness over soft tissue • Be careful of possible fracture

  5. Medial ankle sprain • Less common • Mechanism: • Eversion • Deltoid ligament injury

  6. Medial ankle sprain • Signs/Symptoms: • Pain and swelling not as evident • Point tenderness over deltoid

  7. Syndesmosis ankle sprain • Separation/widening of distal tibiofibular joint • Injury to Anterior/Posterior tibiofibular ligaments • Usually very disabling • “High” ankle sprain • Mechanism: • Dorsiflextion with inversion or eversion

  8. Syndesmosis ankle sprain • Signs/Symptoms: • Similar to lateral/medial ankle sprains • Point tender at bony junction – top of ankle • Swelling over medial/lateral malleoli

  9. Fractures • May occur anywhere in foot • Common at the base of 5th Metatarsal (Jones Fracture) • Usually result of forceful landing from jumping • May be considered an avulsion fracture from an inversion ankle sprain • Treatment is extremely controversial

  10. Turf Toe • First Metatarsaophalangeal (MTP) Sprain • Common with artificial surfaces • Mechanism: • Hyperextending the MTP join or • Contact with the shoe end

  11. Turf Toe • Signs/Symptoms: • Pain and Tenderness • Swelling on the Plantar joint aspect • Discomfort with toe extension • Treatment • Cryotherapy, NSAIDS, Rest • Protection from mechanism

  12. Chronic Conditions

  13. Bunions (Halluxvalgus) • Inflammation and thickening of the medial aspect of the MTP joint of the hallux • MTP joint becomes inflamed and causes lateral displacement of the hallux • As the condition progresses the 1st toe may overlap the 2nd toe • Predisposing factors • High heels, pointed shoe box, poor shoe fit • Management • Strapping of the hallux • Wider toe box • Surgical correction

  14. Plantar Fasciitis (Bone spur) • Most common hindfoot problem in runners • Main support for longitudinal arch • Structurally weak near the origin attachment • Predisposing factors • Significant increase in training • Excessive tightness in Achilles tendon • Abnormal change in body weight • Pescavus (high arch)

  15. Plantar Fasciitis (Bone spur) • Signs/Symptoms • Pain is usually most sever during the first step in the morning • Discomfort is reduced throughout the duration of the day • Extreme point tenderness over origin • Management • Therapeutic modalities (e-stim, ultrasound) • Achilles tendon stretching • NSAIDS • Heel lifts, taping, orthodics • Night splints • MD referral

  16. Achilles Tendonitis • Result of repetitive jumping or running (Loooooong distance runners) • Signs/Symptoms • Thickening of surrounding tissues • Crepitation with tendinous movement • Reduced ROM • Management • Ice therapy, NSAIDS • Active stretching, Heel lifts • Complete resolution of symptoms prior to return • A chronic weakness will progress to rupture

  17. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome(Shin splints) • Early, painful component of first part of a training activity • Associated with repetitive activity on hard surfaces • Contributing factors • Muscled inflexibility • PesPlanus (Low arch) • Poor footwear • Dramatic change in training or surface • Signs/Symptoms • Pain along medial tibial border • Usu. Lower 1/3 of shin • Common for bilateral symptoms

  18. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome(Shin splints) • Management • Rule out stress fractures • Cryotherapy, NSAIDS • Modification in training • Pain free stretching of ankle/foot • Change in footwear

  19. Acute and Chronic

  20. Compartment Syndrome • Acute compartment syndrome results from a direct blow to the lower leg. • Chronic compartment syndrome results from increase in the intramuscular pressure during exercise • Most common in Anterior Leg Compartment

  21. Compartment Syndrome • Signs/Symptoms • Decreased distal pulse • Swelling • Pain and tenderness • Numbness, significant muscle weakness • Tight skin • Chronic – symptoms will reduce post-exercise

  22. Compartment Syndrome • Treatment/Management • ACUTE • Medical Emergency • Immediate Referral to MD • Ice • CHRONIC • Ice, NSAIDS, Stretching, Alter activities • If severe (or not improving) refer to MD • Surgical Fascia Release

More Related