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Minerals

Minerals. I. Minerals. A naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid having a definite chemical composition. A. Characteristics. ESRT p.16. Where can we find information to help us ID minerals? . Back of the ESRT. A POOR way to identify a mineral. Color:

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. I. Minerals • A naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid having a definite chemical composition.

  3. A. Characteristics ESRT p.16 • Where can we find information to help us ID minerals? Back of the ESRT

  4. A POOR way to identify a mineral. • Color: • Many different minerals have the same color. • The same mineral may have many different colors. Different Color Quartz Halite Calcite Quartz

  5. The color of the powder of a mineral when it is crushed. • Streak:

  6. The resistance of a mineral to being scratched. • Hardness: • The ‘streak’ of a mineral is not a hardness test, but minerals with a hardness of more than 7 will scratch the plate. • To find the hardness of a mineral you use objects of a known hardness to see if they will scratch the mineral.

  7. The shine from a mineral’s Surface or the way a mineral looks in reflected light. • Luster:

  8. The way a mineral will break along areas of weakness and form smooth parallel sides. • Cleavage:

  9. The uneven breaking of a mineral because it doesn’t have specific weak areas. • Fracture:

  10. Which shows Cleavage and which shows Fracture? Cleavage Fracture

  11. Questions: • What is the hardness of Olivine? • Olivine’s hardness is 6.5 • How does Pyroxene break? • Cleaves in 2 directions at 90 degrees. • What is the chemical symbol for Sulfur? • Sulfur’s chemical symbol is “S”. • What is the Luster of Galena? • Galena has a Metallic Luster • What is Talc used for? • Talc is used in Talcum (baby) power.

  12. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5, is flexible in thin sheets, and is black in color? • Biotite Mica

  13. B. Chemical Composition Silicon Oxygen • _______ and _______ are the two most abundant elements by mass in the Earth’s crust.

  14. C. Mineral Structure Internally, minerals are made up of atoms arranged in a specific pattern. • This pattern will determine ALL of the physical and chemical properties of the mineral. • Over 90% of Earth’s minerals are ________. Silicates

  15. D. Misc. Mineral Information • A “Carbonate” mineral reacts with ______________ and ‘bubbles’. Hydrochloric Acid

  16. Carbon Lattice • Diamond and Graphite are both made of the same material, ______. • Diamonds are connected by a _______ network. • Graphite is set up in ______ and flakes off easily. • Diamond has a hardness of _____, while Graphite’s hardness is ______. Layers 10 1 -2

  17. Physical Chemical • We identify minerals based on Two [2] Properties, they are: _______ and ________.

  18. Questions • What is the difference between a Cleavage and Fracture? • Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks along a smooth, parallel sides, while Fracture is an uneven breaking. • What are the 2 ways that we classify a minerals Luster? • Metallic and Non-Metallic • How would you tell the difference between Calcite and Halite? • Calcite will react with HCl & Halite has cubic cleavage.

  19. If a mineral can scratch a fingernail, penny, but NOT scratch an iron nail, its hardness must be • About 4. • What type of minerals will react or bubble when touched with acid and give an example of the specific mineral? • A carbonate mineral – Calcite (CaCO3)

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