ARCH 567- INFORMAL STUDIES ON HOUSING

1. ARCH 567- INFORMAL STUDIES ON HOUSING TASK 1: REFLECTING AND COMMUNICATING QUESTIONS SELECTED: -WHAT IS CONSIDERED TO BE A HOUSE TODAY? -IN WHICH WAY THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM DETERMINES HOUSING TODAY? DAMLA MISIRLISOY

2. What is a house? House is the place in which we live. It gives us shelter and comfort, both physically and emotionally. It serves to define who we are and who we are not (Sudjic, 1999). The house occupies a unique position in architecture and in the history of human culture. The house is the domain of the family, of domestic activities and is used for living , working, eating and sleeping and as a private place where individuals and families enjoy their personal lives. However, the house in its traditional form, a series of common rooms and separate sleeping areas has undergone a number of radical changes over the last century in which the possibilities for self-expression in the domestic environment have released a new platform for architectural experiment (Mcleod, 2007).

3. Our heritage of modern buildings The pioneering days of modern architecture are over. We are now in a period of consolidation and development. The whole movement has its roots well in the nineteenth century, which provides its raw materials and slowly growing spiritual impetus for the crystallized philosophy of building we know today(Seidler, 2003). The design and construction of new buildings have started to decline at the end of the second millennium, especially in Central Europe. On the other hand; interventions to existing buildings are becoming more important (Cramer and Breitling, 2007). Awareness of ecological issues is growing and as Cramer and Breitling (2007) states: “The thoughtless demolition of old buildings is now perceived not only as an ecological waste but also the eradication of local identity, of cultural heritage and of socio-economic values.”

4. Adaptive reuse of a old building as housing Reuse of an old building is more ecological than erecting a new building. Razing and redevelopment activities spend more energy; and expose more waste than adapting the existing building (Douglas, 2006). Location: Newyork, USA Completion date: 2008 Original use: steam plant New use: Residential The Power house (www.adaptivereuse.info)

5. Adaptive reuse of a old building as housing The reuse of an existing building provides a link to our cultural heritage and historic memory; additionally it is important because it is environmental friendly. The amount of resources required for reuse is less than those necessary for redevelopment (Brooker and Stone, 2008). Orbaşlı (2008) defines adaptive reuse as: “Most buildings will change their use through their life time; this will invariably necessitate changes to the internal layout and fabric of the old building. Making changes to a building to accommodate a new use is often a means of enabling the continued usefulness of a historic building. However, the appropriateness of the new use to the building fabric and its integrity does need to be considered.”

6. GASOMETER CITY IN VIENNA Location: VIENNA Completion date: 2001 Original use: Coal gas storage New use: Residential

7. The revitalization of existing round buildings is not a new concept. There are for example the amphitheaters in Italy that have been converted into living residential structures. The new element of the project developed is the high density prevailing inside and outside the building and the complex technical solutions. These were the facts that enabled the realization of this project many have had a tough time with (the loss of emptiness is a gain for density and it is only density that creates urbanity). planning. Before adaptatıon

8. GASOMETER CITY IN VIENNA The shield as an extension does not only serve as a debate between the Old and the New or as the formulation of space and certainly not only the economy but it is rather a visible symbol for a new content. In a figurative sense this synergy concept refers to the Gasometer project’s strategy of urban planning.

9. LOFTS In an age of flexibility, the concept of the lofts has, for a long time, dominated the world of residential architecture and the design of interiors. Since the half a century ago, when industrial spaces started being renovated in large western cities, the notion of a home being conceived as spatially continuous has taken root amongmore and more sections of population (Borras, 2007). On discovering a garage, a workshop or an old warehouse in which to live and very often to work and be creative, artists and professionals or less conventional spirits found their own space, open and bare, which they adapted to their personal needs (Borras, 2007).

10. THE IDEA OF LOFTFIRST SEEN IN BOSTON, NEWYORK AND BALTIMORE... Due to the current price of living spaces, it is realistic to assume that those who move into a big industrial space or who construct a home with a large surface area in order to create areas which flow one into the other, have the purchasing power to carry out of work of a substantial size. The examples we present offer options of a different options of a different nature in economic terms. However it is interesting to note how the industrial shell that surrounds many of these homes is always valued both by those who are to live there afterwards (Borras, 2007). In this way, with an ever increasing range of organizational and creative possibilities and thanks to the constantly changing needs and the new materials offered to us by technology, we can affirm that this relatively new type of home truly represents the essence of what people are looking for in a house today (Borras, 2007).

11. SOHO HOUSING in USA [Mengüşoğlu, 2006]

12. SUGAR WAREHOUSE Location: Amsterdam Completion date: 2003 Original use: sugar warehouse New use: Residential (www.adaptivereuse.info) Conversions bring an alternatıve housing model and a new way of living in the city.

13. THE CANDY FACTORY LOFTS Location: Toronto Completion date: 1999 Original use: warehouse New use: Residential (www.adaptivereuse.info)

14. Knox church residence Location: Victoria, Australia Completion date: 2009 Original use: church New use: Residential (www.adaptivereuse.info)

15. MANCHESTER CITY CENTER- urban regeneratıon project Population of Manchester city ...-1980: 1000 2001: 12000 2007: 20000 Adaptation of a building is the process of transforming an existing building to accommodate new uses (Brooker and Stone, 2008).

16. JACKSON’S WAREHOUSE in MANCHESTER [Mengüşoğlu, 2006] New residential buildings creted in the industrial space with innovative and original designs for the needs of the users and taste of the city.

17. MURREYS MILL IN MANCESTER Before adaptatıon After adaptatıon

18. MURREYS MILL IN MANCESTER (Mengüşoğlu, 2006)

19. ROYAL MILLS IN MANCHESTER (Mengüşoğlu, 2006)

20. ROYAL MILLS IN MANCHESTER (Mengüşoğlu, 2006)

21. SMITHFIELD BUILDING (Powell, 2001)

22. SMITHFIELD BUILDING (Mengüşoğlu, 2006)

23. BRITANNIA MILL IN MANCHESTER [www.cabe.org.uk] [www.urbansplash.co.uk] [Mengüşoğlu, 2006]

24. BRITANNIA MILL IN MANCHESTER [www.urbansplash.co.uk]

25. references • BORRAS, M. (2007) City Lofts , Barcelona, MonsaPublising • SEIDLER, H. (2003) Houses and Interiors, Australia, The Images Publishing • SUDJIC, D. (1999) The Twentieth Century House, Glasgow, Lawrence King • MCLEOD, V. (2007) Detail in Contemporary Residential Architecture, London, Lawrence King Publishing • BROOKER, G. and STONE, S. (2008), Context and Environment, Switzerland, Ava Publishing • CRAMER, J. and BREITLING S. (2007), Architecture in Existing Fabric, London, Birkhauser • DOUGLAS, J. (2006) Building Adaptation, London, Butterworth-Heinemann Publishing • MENGÜŞOĞLU, N. (2007) Endüstri Dönemi Yapı Mirasının Konut İşlevi Verilerek Yeniden Kullanımı, Gazi University, Unpublished Master Thesis