1 / 21

SMOKING OR HEALTH?

SMOKING OR HEALTH?. PREZENTATION FOR 3rd GRADE https://is.muni.cz/www/2422/um. SMOKING IS:. THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE PREVENTABLE FACTOR OF MORBIDITY and MORTALITY (WHO), and THE CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE AND RECIDIVE DISEASE (Dg F 17) (U.S. Surgeon General). SORTS OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS (TP).

eugenemmiller
Download Presentation

SMOKING OR HEALTH?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SMOKING OR HEALTH? PREZENTATION FOR 3rd GRADE https://is.muni.cz/www/2422/um

  2. SMOKING IS: • THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE PREVENTABLE FACTOR OF MORBIDITY and MORTALITY (WHO), and • THE CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE AND RECIDIVE DISEASE (Dg F 17) (U.S. Surgeon General)

  3. SORTS OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS (TP) • COMBUSIBLE (burned): cigarettes, pipes, cigars, waterpipes • HEATED: Electronicnicotinedeliverysystems (ENDS): e-cigarettes, iQOS (I Quit Original Smoking) • SMOKELESS: snufs, chewing • MEDICINAL: Nicotinereplacements(chewing gum, inhalator, patches, tablettes)

  4. NICOTINE IS THE REASON… • VERY STRONG DRUG (similar to heroine, coccaine)=>DEPENDENCE, ADDICTION • GATE FOR OTHER DRUGS • nACh RECEPTORS ACTIVATION => • RELEASE of DOPAMINE,SEROTONINE • STIMULATION of SYMPATICUS, SUPRARENALS • RELEASE OF ADRENALINE, ACTH • SUBJECTIVELY: MOOD CHANGE, SHORT-TIME ENHANCED PERFORMANCE = REVEAL

  5. PHARMACOLOGY of NICOTINE • Within 10-20 sec reaches the brain (inhalation) or • Slow kinetic (30 min)(transdermal, oral intake) • Short metabolic half-time (20-30 min; interindividual differences) • COTININE- the main metabolic; residues 2-3 days • NITROSAMINES – partial metabolics, mutagenic • Detection in body fluids (blood, urine, salivary, breast and cervix excretes, follicular fluid), and tissues (hair)

  6. TOXICOLOGY: cigarettes • Production of more than 7.000 chemicals, including • Majority of human carcinogens (class 1A, 2A, 2B) – approx. 70 • Contain: CO, HCN, volatile carbohydrates, tobacco specific nitrosamines (NNK), PAH, dioxine, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, radioactive polonium, stroncium), fine/ultrafine dust particles, and >500 additives • Many of chemicals are metabolically activated => free radicals

  7. TOXICOLOGY: e-cigarettes • Nicotine (as in convenial cig.) • Propylenglycole, glycerine (their metabolites are 2A carcinogens) • Formaldehyde (2A carcinogen) • Haevy metals, fine particles • Up to 8.000 additives – some of them are toxic, effects of majority of them are unknown • Explosions, fires (from battery)

  8. TOXICOLOGY: smokeless • Nicotine (as in convenial cigarettes) • Tar (carcinogenic) • Haevy metals

  9. MOST IMPORTANT MECHANISMS OF HEALTH EFFECTS: • HYPOXEMIA (COHb, enzymal bloccade by HCN, vasoconstriction by nicotine, placental infarctions by Cd) • ENHANCED activity of HAEMOCOAGULATION • CHANGES IN SERUM LIPIDS ( higher total +LDL, lower HDL cholesterol) • OXIDATIVE STRESS by free radicals • DAMAGES OF IMMUNITY, • HORMONAL DYSBALANCE =>damages of reproduction • TRANSFERE THROUGH PLACENTAL BARRIERE => damages of fetal development, postnatal diseases

  10. MOST IMPORTANT HEALTH DAMAGES • CONTRIBUTION TO 25 DISEASES, such as: • CVD (attributive risk AR 30 %) • CHOPD (AR 70 %) • CARCINOMAS (AR 30%, for lung cancer 80-90 %) • REPRODUCTIVE: erectile dysfunction, infertility • GRAVIDTY COMPLICATIONS: gr. extrauterina, placenta praevia, bleeding, stillbirth, abbortion • FETAL´S DAMAGES: intrauterine retardation, ADHD, heredital malformations, risk of carcinomas, CVD • WOUND HEALING, SKIN DISEASES, DIGESTIVE DISEASES, PSYCHIATRIC dis. includ. Suicides, ALZHEIMER dis. • INFECTIONS

  11. HEALTH DAMAGES- EPIDEMIOLOGY • EVERY SECOND SMOKER WILL DIE DUE TO SMOKING • Half of them will die prematurely, before age of 70 y • Annualy 6,4 mil of people die due to smoking worldwide • During 20th Century 60 mil people were killed by tobacco • In 21st Century 1 mld people will be killed by tobacco • Smokers have 8 y shorter life expectancy • Women are more vulnerable, their relative risks are higher • Dose-effects relationships are not linear, but exponential • The „safe threshold“ does not exist, every cigarette kills

  12. PASSIVE INVOLUNTARY SMOKING • Burned-heatedtobaccoproducts are onlyuniquearmskilling by bothends • MAIN STREAM : mixtureinhaled by activesmoker • SIDE STREAM: mixture in whitesmoke, imperfekt combusting, higherlevels of chemicals • SECONDHAND SMOKE (Environmental TobaccoSmoke ETS) = sidestream + air expirated by smoker THIRDHAND SMOKE: re-emission of chemicalsfrom ETS adsorbed in theinterier – residuesthroughdays, weeks, months WATER PIPES are more important source of ETS thancigarettes E-CIGARETTES products are not „purewatervapor“

  13. VICTIMS of ADDICTION: • 80 % OF CURRENT USERS OF NICOTINE or HEROINE or COCCAINE • 32 % OF OCCASIONAL SMOKERS • Itis a PEDIATRIC PROBLEM • DEPENDENCE IS: PHARMACOLOGICAL(nicotine), and BEHAVIORAL (ceremony, typicalsituations)

  14. ADOLESCENCE IS • A criticaltimebothfor start of smoking and depression (mainlydue to…) • THE DYSBALANCE of BRAIN DEVELOPMENT: - The limbicstructures are maturatedduring puberty=> risk seeking, negativism, self-assurance - The frontalcortexmaturateslater (16 – 21 y) => cognitivebehavioralcontrol NICOTINE DISTURBES frontalcortexmaturation => damages of cognice, psychiatricdiseases

  15. EVALUATION OF ADDICTION: • COMMON PSYCHIATRIC CRITERIA • FAGERSTRŐM´s QUESTIONAIRE: • 6 QUESTIONS • 10 „BAD“ POINTS • 4 LEVELS OF DEPENDENCE • DECREASED/LOST of AUTONOMY

  16. EFFECTS OF STOPING SMOKING • LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE + HEART FREQUENCY within 20-30 min • REACHING NORMAL VALUES OF COHb within 8 hours • IMPROVING VALUES FEV1 within 72 hours • DECREASING OF THROMBOGENIC ACTIVITY within 3 months • Within 3-5 yeard the risk of CVD is similar to never smokers • Within 10 – 20 years the risk of CARCINOMA similar to never smokers • Within 1st trimester the risk for INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEVELOMPMENT is similar to never smokers

  17. PROGRAMME 5A/5P(in Czech) • ASK ABOUT SMOKING • ADVICE TO STOP • ASSESS the level of ADDICTION • ASSIST WITH CESSATION • ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

  18. PHYSICIAN: • PERSONALIZES THE INDIVIDUAL RISK • EXPLAINS THE PROBLEM • HELPS TO LOOK FOR MOTIVATION SUCH PSYCHOTHERAPY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT • PRESCRIBES TREATMENT (MEDICAMENTS)

  19. MEDICAMENTs: • NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (chewing gums, pathes, inhalator, sprey, subligual tablets) • VARENICLINE (Champix) - nicotine agonist • BUPROPIONE (Zyban, Wellbutrin) -antidepresant • VACCINATION (clinical testing) – bloc transfer of nicotine into brain • ALTERNATIVE METHODS: joga, hypnosis, auriculopressure/puncture • E-cigarettes, iQOS – low effect, not reccommended

  20. RELAPS DISTURBES ATTEMPT • WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS • CRAVING • TYPICAL SITUATIONS (friends, coffee, alcohol) • STRESS Forthesuccessfulstoping – 4-5 attempts are necessary

  21. RECOMMENDATION: • DON´T START, BE SMART • DON´T ALLOW TO SMOKERS TO TROUBLE and TO JEOPARDIZE YOU • MAKE A STRONG DECISSION TO STOP and KEEP IT

More Related