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Announcements

Announcements. Activity 1 due 1/30. Announcement. TA: Gina Schwartzmeier Office hour: Wednesday 11-12 (and by appointment) Office: N 140 Email: HOLMSEN@WEB.DE. Building Blocks of Form. Theme A melodic idea used as a building block of form.

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • Activity 1 due 1/30

  2. Announcement • TA: Gina Schwartzmeier • Office hour: Wednesday 11-12 (and by appointment) • Office: N 140 • Email: HOLMSEN@WEB.DE

  3. Building Blocks of Form • Theme • A melodic idea used as a building block of form. • Thematic development: elaborating or varying a musical idea • Example of thematic development: Beethoven’s fifth symphony

  4. Medieval Period (c.500-1450) • We know very little about music before ca. 850 (no musical notation) • Medieval genres • Chant (Gregorian chant or plainsong) • Organum • Motet

  5. CHANT • Liturgical -music for the church service • MASS (the most important ritual of Roman Catholic Church) encactment of last supper (communion) • Two types of music • Ordinary - texts that do not change • Proper - text for the mass that changes daily

  6. CHANT HISTORY • Legend of Pope Gregory the Great (rules 590-604)

  7. Pope Gregory I (c. 600)

  8. The central question • Music of the Roman church c. 680 • Transmitted to Frankish kingdom c. 754, with no musical notation (Adoption of Roman liturgy by Franks was part of desire to unify Frankish kingdom

  9. Central question of chant • Melodies were transmitted orally until c. 890. • Therefore, what did the melodies originally sound like?

  10. Chant notation • Originally did not indicate pitch, only melodic direction (singers still had to know melodies by heart)

  11. Characteristics of chant • Monophonic • No regular meter

  12. Text setting • syllabic-one note per syllable • neumatic- several notes per syllable • melismatic- many notes per syllable

  13. Haec Dies • For EASTER • monophonic texture • Mainly conjunct motion • responsorial form (soloist alternating with choir) • Do any pitches stand out as being important? Which ones?

  14. ORGANUM • polyphonic texture (a voice added above the same chant)

  15. Notre Dame School • Dates: c. 1150-1220 • Important composers: Leonin and Perotin • Different styles • Sustained-note style (original chant held note under faster moving top line) VS. • Discant style (notes moving together)

  16. Notre Dame School • Organum Haec dies (on the chant we just sang) • Chant in the lower voice in slow notes • Rhythm of the upper voice is not indicated in the notation

  17. MOTET • New texts added to organum (could be sacred or secular texts) • polytextual - multiple texts sung together • all notes rhythmic, in patterns

  18. MOTET • O mittissima/Virgo/Haec Dies (13th c.) • Two texts simultaneously • Is the meter triple or duple?

  19. Sound of Medieval Music • In what ways does it sound different from modern music?

  20. Monasticism • Daily cycle of prayer services, the first starting at 2 am (called the Daily Office or Divine Office. • Usually vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • Great centers of learning and culture

  21. Hildegard of Bingen • Lived 1098-1179 • One of the few known composers in this period • Various roles: Abbess, visionary, wrote poetry and plays.

  22. Play of the Virtues • Sung drama • About the struggle of good and evil for the soul • Characters include charity, patience, humility, chastity, obedience, etc, and well as the soul • Devil has a speaking.

  23. Play of the Virtues • Style: • Originally monophonic • Is it syllablic, melismatic, or neumatic? • Wide range

  24. Secular Music • Travelling musicians: Goliards • Troubadors,Trouveres, Troubaritz • Courtly Love theme • Unattainable woman • Aspect of civilization (related to the cult of BVM)

  25. Guillaume Machaut • SONGS: • Polyphonic settings: • Follow forms of the poetry (patterns of sections) • Puis qu’en oubli • RONDEAUX • A B aA ab A B

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