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Taxonomy and Classification in Evolution

Explore the science of taxonomy, grouping organisms based on similarities like structures and ancestral relations. Learn about the hierarchy from kingdom to species, using binomial nomenclature. Discover the kingdoms of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plant, and Animal, each with distinct characteristics. Delve into the animal kingdom's phyla, including Coelentrates, Annelids, Arthropods, and Chordates.

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Taxonomy and Classification in Evolution

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  1. EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION

  2. CLASSIFICATION • Grouping organisms based on similarities. • This is the science of TAXONOMY • Classification is based on common ancestors with: • Similar structures/anatomy • Similar biochemical makeup • Similar embryonic development

  3. TAXONOMY • KINGDOM (least similar) • PHYLUM • CLASS • ORDER • FAMILY • GENUS • SPECIES* (most similar) • *NOTE: members of the same SPECIES can mate and produce fertile offspring.

  4. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE • We use a 2 part naming system to identify an organism, using their GENUS and SPECIES. • Ex. Humans are Homo sapien

  5. THE KINGDOMS • Monera • Single-celled organisms • Heterotrophs • No nucleus (prokaryotic) • Ex. Bacteria

  6. THE KINGDOMS • Protista (Protists) • Two different groups • Heterotrophs (protozoa) • Autotrophs (alga) • Single-celled organisms • Have a nucleus (eukaryotic) • Ex. • Amoeba (heterotroph) • Algae (autotroph)

  7. THE KINGDOMS • Fungi • Multi-cellular • Heterotrophs (non-photosynthetic) • Ex. Mushrooms & Yeast • There are 14,000 different species of mushroom

  8. THE KINGDOMS • Plant • Multi-cellular • Autotrophs • Ex. Tree & Bush

  9. THE KINGDOMS • Animal • Multi-cellular • Heterotrophs • Ex. Birds

  10. THE ANIMAL KINGDOM • Divided into different phyla. • Coelentrates • Hollow body cavity with one opening • Ex. Jellyfish & Hydra • Annelids • Segmented bodies & tube within a tube body cavity • Ex. Earthworm • Arthropods • Segmented bodies, jointed legs, exoskeleton • Ex. Grasshopper & Lobster • Chordates • Have a backbone with dorsal nerve • Ex. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

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